The Dude
MuscleChemistry Registered Member
Abstract
This study examined whether supplementing the diet with a commercial supplement containing zinc magnesium aspartate (ZMA) during training affects zinc and magnesium status, anabolic and catabolic hormone profiles, and/or training adaptations. Forty-two resistance trained males (27 ± 9 yrs; 178 ± 8 cm, 85 ± 15 kg, 18.6 ± 6% body fat) were matched according to fat free mass and randomly assigned to ingest in a double blind manner either a dextrose placebo (P) or ZMA 30–60 minutes prior to going to sleep during 8-weeks of standardized resistance-training. Subjects completed testing sessions at 0, 4, and 8 weeks that included body composition assessment as determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, 1-RM and muscular endurance tests on the bench and leg press, a Wingate anaerobic power test, and blood analysis to assess anabolic/catabolic status as well as markers of health. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results indicated that ZMA supplementation non-significantly increased serum zinc levels by 11 – 17% (p = 0.12). However, no significant differences were observed between groups in anabolic or catabolic hormone status, body composition, 1-RM bench press and leg press, upper or lower body muscular endurance, or cycling anaerobic capacity. Results indicate that ZMA supplementation during training does not appear to enhance training adaptations in resistance trained populations.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the subjects that participated in this study and the laboratory assistants in the Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory (ESNL) who assisted with data collection and analysis. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Bob DiSilvestro from Ohio State University who performed the zinc and magnesium assays. This study was funded by a research grant from Cytodyne Technologies, Inc. (Lakewood, NJ). Researchers in the ESNL independently collected, analyzed, and interpreted the results from this study and have no financial interests in the results of this study. Presentation of results in this study does not constitute endorsement by Baylor University or its authors of the supplements investigated.
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References
Lukasi HC. Micronutrients (magnesium, zinc, and copper): are mineral supplements needed for athletes? International Journal of Sport Nutrition. 1995;5:74–83.
Singh A, Failla ML, Deuster PA. Exercise-induced changes in immune function: effects of zinc supplementation. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76:2298–2303. [PubMed]
Singh A, Smoak BL, Patterson KY, et al. Biochemical indices of selected trace minerals in men: effect of stress. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:126–131. [PubMed]
Gleeson M, Nieman DC, Pedersen BK. Exercise, nutrition and immune function. J Sport Science (London) 2004;22:115–125. doi: 10.1080/0264041031000140590. [Cross Ref]
Nieman DC. Nutrition, exercise, and immune system function. Clin Sports Med. 1999;18:537–548. doi: 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70167-8. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Nieman DC, Pedersen BK. Exercise and immune function. Recent developments. Sports Med. 1999;27:73–80. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199927020-00001. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Golf SW, Happel O, Graef V, Seim KE. Plasma aldosterone, cortisol and electrolyte concentrations in physical exercise after magnesium supplementation. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1984;22:717–721. [PubMed]
Golf SW, Bender S, Gruttner J. On the Significance of Magnesium in Extreme Physical Stress. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 1998;12:197–202. doi: 10.1023/A:1007708918683. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Cordova A, Navas FJ. Effect of training on zinc metabolism: changes in serum and sweat zinc concentrations in sportsmen. Ann Nutr Metab. 1998;42:274–282. doi: 10.1159/000012744. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hawley JA, Dennis SC, Lindsay FH, Noakes TD. Nutritional practices of athletes are they sub-optimal? J Sports Sci. 1995;13:S75–81. [PubMed]
Khaled S, Brun JF, Micallef JP, Bardet L, et al. Serum zinc and blood rheology in sportsmen (football players) Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 1997;17:47–58. [PubMed]
Konig D, Weinstock C, Keul J, et al. Zinc, iron, and magnesium status in athletes – influence on the regulation of exercise-induced stress and immune function. Exerc Immunol Rev. 1998;4:2–21. [PubMed]
Brilla LR, Conte V. Effects of a novel zinc-magnesium formulation on hormones and strength. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2000;3:26–36.
Brilla LR, Haley TF. Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humans. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992;11:326–329. [PubMed]
Newhouse IJ, Finstad EW. The effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10:195–200. doi: 10.1097/00042752-200007000-00008. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Prasad AS, Mantzoros CS, Beck FW, et al. Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutr. 1996;12:344–8. doi: 10.1016/S0899-9007(96)80058-X. [Cross Ref]
Van Loan M. Bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine fat-free mass, total body water and body fat. Sports Medicine. 1999;10:205–217. [PubMed]
Kellie E. Measurement of bone density with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) JAMA. 1992;267:286–294. doi: 10.1001/jama.267.2.286. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
This study examined whether supplementing the diet with a commercial supplement containing zinc magnesium aspartate (ZMA) during training affects zinc and magnesium status, anabolic and catabolic hormone profiles, and/or training adaptations. Forty-two resistance trained males (27 ± 9 yrs; 178 ± 8 cm, 85 ± 15 kg, 18.6 ± 6% body fat) were matched according to fat free mass and randomly assigned to ingest in a double blind manner either a dextrose placebo (P) or ZMA 30–60 minutes prior to going to sleep during 8-weeks of standardized resistance-training. Subjects completed testing sessions at 0, 4, and 8 weeks that included body composition assessment as determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, 1-RM and muscular endurance tests on the bench and leg press, a Wingate anaerobic power test, and blood analysis to assess anabolic/catabolic status as well as markers of health. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results indicated that ZMA supplementation non-significantly increased serum zinc levels by 11 – 17% (p = 0.12). However, no significant differences were observed between groups in anabolic or catabolic hormone status, body composition, 1-RM bench press and leg press, upper or lower body muscular endurance, or cycling anaerobic capacity. Results indicate that ZMA supplementation during training does not appear to enhance training adaptations in resistance trained populations.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the subjects that participated in this study and the laboratory assistants in the Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory (ESNL) who assisted with data collection and analysis. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Bob DiSilvestro from Ohio State University who performed the zinc and magnesium assays. This study was funded by a research grant from Cytodyne Technologies, Inc. (Lakewood, NJ). Researchers in the ESNL independently collected, analyzed, and interpreted the results from this study and have no financial interests in the results of this study. Presentation of results in this study does not constitute endorsement by Baylor University or its authors of the supplements investigated.
Go to:
References
Lukasi HC. Micronutrients (magnesium, zinc, and copper): are mineral supplements needed for athletes? International Journal of Sport Nutrition. 1995;5:74–83.
Singh A, Failla ML, Deuster PA. Exercise-induced changes in immune function: effects of zinc supplementation. J Appl Physiol. 1994;76:2298–2303. [PubMed]
Singh A, Smoak BL, Patterson KY, et al. Biochemical indices of selected trace minerals in men: effect of stress. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:126–131. [PubMed]
Gleeson M, Nieman DC, Pedersen BK. Exercise, nutrition and immune function. J Sport Science (London) 2004;22:115–125. doi: 10.1080/0264041031000140590. [Cross Ref]
Nieman DC. Nutrition, exercise, and immune system function. Clin Sports Med. 1999;18:537–548. doi: 10.1016/S0278-5919(05)70167-8. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Nieman DC, Pedersen BK. Exercise and immune function. Recent developments. Sports Med. 1999;27:73–80. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199927020-00001. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Golf SW, Happel O, Graef V, Seim KE. Plasma aldosterone, cortisol and electrolyte concentrations in physical exercise after magnesium supplementation. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1984;22:717–721. [PubMed]
Golf SW, Bender S, Gruttner J. On the Significance of Magnesium in Extreme Physical Stress. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 1998;12:197–202. doi: 10.1023/A:1007708918683. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Cordova A, Navas FJ. Effect of training on zinc metabolism: changes in serum and sweat zinc concentrations in sportsmen. Ann Nutr Metab. 1998;42:274–282. doi: 10.1159/000012744. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hawley JA, Dennis SC, Lindsay FH, Noakes TD. Nutritional practices of athletes are they sub-optimal? J Sports Sci. 1995;13:S75–81. [PubMed]
Khaled S, Brun JF, Micallef JP, Bardet L, et al. Serum zinc and blood rheology in sportsmen (football players) Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 1997;17:47–58. [PubMed]
Konig D, Weinstock C, Keul J, et al. Zinc, iron, and magnesium status in athletes – influence on the regulation of exercise-induced stress and immune function. Exerc Immunol Rev. 1998;4:2–21. [PubMed]
Brilla LR, Conte V. Effects of a novel zinc-magnesium formulation on hormones and strength. J Exerc Physiol Online. 2000;3:26–36.
Brilla LR, Haley TF. Effect of magnesium supplementation on strength training in humans. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992;11:326–329. [PubMed]
Newhouse IJ, Finstad EW. The effects of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance. Clin J Sport Med. 2000;10:195–200. doi: 10.1097/00042752-200007000-00008. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Prasad AS, Mantzoros CS, Beck FW, et al. Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutr. 1996;12:344–8. doi: 10.1016/S0899-9007(96)80058-X. [Cross Ref]
Van Loan M. Bioelectrical impedance analysis to determine fat-free mass, total body water and body fat. Sports Medicine. 1999;10:205–217. [PubMed]
Kellie E. Measurement of bone density with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) JAMA. 1992;267:286–294. doi: 10.1001/jama.267.2.286. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
