<header class="entry-header" style="color: rgb(187, 187, 187); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.542969); ">The Science Behind: ‘Syntheselen – Metabolic Stimulator’
</header>Syntheselen™ is an Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Uridine Triphosphate based sterile preparation manufactured by a pharmaceutical company in accordance with the highest level of manufacturing practices.
The focus of this article will center on energy (ATP) and its relationship to protein synthesis. By necessity we will keep the specifics of operations at molecular level to a minimum.
Protein Synthesis during resistance exercise
What has long been known?
It has been established for some time now that both muscle protein synthesis [SUP]1-4[/SUP] and muscle protein degradation are stimulated by resistance exercise[SUP]2-4[/SUP].
Traditionally the overall net effect (synthesis - degradation = + or -) has been understood to depend on what happens in the post exercise environment.
In that environment protein degradation is brought to an end if carbohydrates are ingested following resistance exercise while net protein synthesis (i.e. protein synthesis exceeds protein degradation) is achieved only if both carbohydrates and protein are ingested following the resistance exercise session [SUP]5-10[/SUP].
These concepts are so well established as evidenced by the numerous references cited herein that it is barely worth mentioning.
What is interesting however and worth spending some time on is what happens to protein synthesis duringresistance exercise.
Achieving that understanding allows us to move into a new area and explore the concept of energy balance and protein synthesis and thanks in part to recent research examine the specific relationship between ATP concentration and protein synthesis.
Where this article intends to go
Energy state in general and ATP concentration specifically is vitally important in the fueling of muscular movement and contraction. ATP is often discussed in the context of sports as a means to reduce fatigue.
Yet protein synthesis is an extremely energy demanding process requiring the utilization of ATP. The availability of energy, specifically ATP is a limiting factor in the synthesis of muscle protein.
The extent to which protein synthesis will occur is dependant on several factors not the least of which is the availability of ATP. When we engage in resistance exercise we are using energy that will not be available to the components of the system which drive muscle protein synthesis and subsequently tissue accrual.
Is it possible to engage in resistance exercise and have net protein synthesis occur at the same time?
What has recently been understood?
In contrast to protein metabolism in the post exercise environment very little was known about the effect of nutrition on muscle protein synthesis during exercise until the year 2008. Up until that time only two studies had been done and they weren’t even done on muscle. Rather they focused on whole body protein turnover. They reported an increase in whole body protein balance after protein and carbohydrate ingestion during exercise but neither one examined what was happening at the muscular level during exercise[SUP]11, 12[/SUP].
The Tipton study [SUP]12[/SUP] did go a step further and examined muscle protein synthesis post exercise. This led them to suggest that protein ingestion before, rather then after exercise might better increase net muscle protein accretion during post exercise recovery.
The effect of protein and carbohydrate ingestion on muscle protein synthesis during exercise was eventually established in 2008 when Beelen, et al published Protein coingestion stimulates muscle protein synthesis during resistance-type exercise, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295: E70–E77, 2008.
In that study they proved that even in the fed state, additional coingestion of protein and carbohydrates before and during resistance exercise improved whole body protein balance and stimulated muscle protein synthesis duringexercise.
They didn’t just find a little benefit, rather they found that ingestion of protein and carbohydrates substantially increased muscle protein synthesis rates. This led them to conclude:
“Consequently, our findings suggest that protein coingestion during exercise could represent an effective dietary strategy to further augment muscle protein accretion by creating a larger time frame for muscle protein synthesis to be elevated.”
Although the authors did not specifically frame their results in terms of energy we can do that. Previous studies that demonstrated that resistance exercise stimulated both muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates found that in the absence of subsequent food intake net protein balance remained negative [SUP]1,2,4[/SUP].
Previous studies carried out their investigations using participants who were subjected to an overnight fast. Dreyer et al reported lower muscle protein synthesis rates during resistance exercise compared with rest and post exercise recovery [SUP]13[/SUP]. This strongly contrasts with the results from the aforementioned Beelen, et al study leading the authors to underscore the difference in methodology:
“The apparent discrepancy might be explained by the fact that subjects in the present study were investigated in the fed state and ingested carbohydrate with or without additional protein during exercise.”
Since the Beelen, et al study was published several studies have been published with what appears to be mixed results involving various protocols. The elderly for example have a difficult time engaging protein synthesis no matter what the protocol. A good example of a study that appears to contrast the Beelen, et al study but actually doesn’t when the methodology is examined is Essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion before resistance exercise does not enhance postexercise muscle protein synthesis, Satoshi Fujita, J Appl Physiol 106: 1730-1739, 2009. In that study they administered essential amino acids and carbohydrates one hour before exercise and found an increase in muscle protein synthesis which returned to base during exercise.
This study underscores the concept of energy inputs driving both muscle contractions and energy intensive protein synthesis and highlights the need to sufficiently meet that energy requirement throughout the exercise period.
</header>Syntheselen™ is an Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Uridine Triphosphate based sterile preparation manufactured by a pharmaceutical company in accordance with the highest level of manufacturing practices.
The focus of this article will center on energy (ATP) and its relationship to protein synthesis. By necessity we will keep the specifics of operations at molecular level to a minimum.
Protein Synthesis during resistance exercise
What has long been known?
It has been established for some time now that both muscle protein synthesis [SUP]1-4[/SUP] and muscle protein degradation are stimulated by resistance exercise[SUP]2-4[/SUP].
Traditionally the overall net effect (synthesis - degradation = + or -) has been understood to depend on what happens in the post exercise environment.
In that environment protein degradation is brought to an end if carbohydrates are ingested following resistance exercise while net protein synthesis (i.e. protein synthesis exceeds protein degradation) is achieved only if both carbohydrates and protein are ingested following the resistance exercise session [SUP]5-10[/SUP].
These concepts are so well established as evidenced by the numerous references cited herein that it is barely worth mentioning.
What is interesting however and worth spending some time on is what happens to protein synthesis duringresistance exercise.
Achieving that understanding allows us to move into a new area and explore the concept of energy balance and protein synthesis and thanks in part to recent research examine the specific relationship between ATP concentration and protein synthesis.
Where this article intends to go
Energy state in general and ATP concentration specifically is vitally important in the fueling of muscular movement and contraction. ATP is often discussed in the context of sports as a means to reduce fatigue.
Yet protein synthesis is an extremely energy demanding process requiring the utilization of ATP. The availability of energy, specifically ATP is a limiting factor in the synthesis of muscle protein.
The extent to which protein synthesis will occur is dependant on several factors not the least of which is the availability of ATP. When we engage in resistance exercise we are using energy that will not be available to the components of the system which drive muscle protein synthesis and subsequently tissue accrual.
Is it possible to engage in resistance exercise and have net protein synthesis occur at the same time?
What has recently been understood?
In contrast to protein metabolism in the post exercise environment very little was known about the effect of nutrition on muscle protein synthesis during exercise until the year 2008. Up until that time only two studies had been done and they weren’t even done on muscle. Rather they focused on whole body protein turnover. They reported an increase in whole body protein balance after protein and carbohydrate ingestion during exercise but neither one examined what was happening at the muscular level during exercise[SUP]11, 12[/SUP].
The Tipton study [SUP]12[/SUP] did go a step further and examined muscle protein synthesis post exercise. This led them to suggest that protein ingestion before, rather then after exercise might better increase net muscle protein accretion during post exercise recovery.
The effect of protein and carbohydrate ingestion on muscle protein synthesis during exercise was eventually established in 2008 when Beelen, et al published Protein coingestion stimulates muscle protein synthesis during resistance-type exercise, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 295: E70–E77, 2008.
In that study they proved that even in the fed state, additional coingestion of protein and carbohydrates before and during resistance exercise improved whole body protein balance and stimulated muscle protein synthesis duringexercise.
They didn’t just find a little benefit, rather they found that ingestion of protein and carbohydrates substantially increased muscle protein synthesis rates. This led them to conclude:
“Consequently, our findings suggest that protein coingestion during exercise could represent an effective dietary strategy to further augment muscle protein accretion by creating a larger time frame for muscle protein synthesis to be elevated.”
Although the authors did not specifically frame their results in terms of energy we can do that. Previous studies that demonstrated that resistance exercise stimulated both muscle protein synthesis and breakdown rates found that in the absence of subsequent food intake net protein balance remained negative [SUP]1,2,4[/SUP].
Previous studies carried out their investigations using participants who were subjected to an overnight fast. Dreyer et al reported lower muscle protein synthesis rates during resistance exercise compared with rest and post exercise recovery [SUP]13[/SUP]. This strongly contrasts with the results from the aforementioned Beelen, et al study leading the authors to underscore the difference in methodology:
“The apparent discrepancy might be explained by the fact that subjects in the present study were investigated in the fed state and ingested carbohydrate with or without additional protein during exercise.”
Since the Beelen, et al study was published several studies have been published with what appears to be mixed results involving various protocols. The elderly for example have a difficult time engaging protein synthesis no matter what the protocol. A good example of a study that appears to contrast the Beelen, et al study but actually doesn’t when the methodology is examined is Essential amino acid and carbohydrate ingestion before resistance exercise does not enhance postexercise muscle protein synthesis, Satoshi Fujita, J Appl Physiol 106: 1730-1739, 2009. In that study they administered essential amino acids and carbohydrates one hour before exercise and found an increase in muscle protein synthesis which returned to base during exercise.
This study underscores the concept of energy inputs driving both muscle contractions and energy intensive protein synthesis and highlights the need to sufficiently meet that energy requirement throughout the exercise period.
