Ox 51
Musclechemistry Guru
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Routes of administration / Dosage forms
</TH></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Oral</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Digestive tract (enteral)
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Solids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Pill • Tablet • Capsule • Time release technology • Osmotic controlled release capsule (OROS)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Liquids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Solution • Softgel • Suspension • Emulsion • Syrup • Elixir • Tincture • Hydrogel
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Buccal / Sublabial / Sublingual
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Solids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) • Film • Lollipop • Lozenges • Chewing gum
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Liquids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Mouthwash • Toothpaste • Ointment • Oral spray
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Respiratory tract
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Solids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Smoking device • Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Liquids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI) • Nebulizer • Vaporizer
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Gas
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Oxygen mask • Oxygen concentrator • Anaesthetic machine • Relative analgesia machine
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</TD><TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; WIDTH: 0%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" rowSpan=13>
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Ocular / Otologic / Nasal</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Nasal spray • Ear drops • Eye drops • Ointment • Hydrogel • Nanosphere suspension • Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Urogenital</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Ointment • Pessary (vaginal suppository) • Vaginal ring • Vaginal douche • Intrauterine device (IUD) • Extra-amniotic infusion • Intravesical infusion
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Rectal (enteral)</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Ointment • Suppository • Enema (Solution • Hydrogel) • Murphy drip • Nutrient enema
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Dermal</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Ointment • Liniment • Paste • Film • Hydrogel • Liposomes • Transfersome vesicals • Cream • Lotion • Lip balm • Medicated shampoo • Dermal patch • Transdermal patch • Transdermal spray • Jet injector
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Injection / Infusion
(into tissue/blood)
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Skin
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intradermal • Subcutaneous • Transdermal implant
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Organs
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intracavernous • Intravitreal • Transscleral
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Central nervous system
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intracerebral • Intrathecal • Epidural
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Circulatory / Musculoskeletal
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intravenous • Intracardiac • Intramuscular • Intraosseous • Intraperitoneal • Nanocell injection
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</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Additional explanation:</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND: lemonchiffon; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colSpan=2>Mucous membranes are used by the human body to absorb the dosage for all routes of administration, except for "Dermal" and "Injection/Infusion".
Administration routes can also be grouped as Topical (local effect) or Systemic (defined as Enteral = Digestive tract/Rectal, or Parenteral = All other routes).
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Routes of administration by organ system
</TH></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Gastrointestinal</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Oral • Buccal • Sublabial • Sublingual • Rectal
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Respiratory system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Pulmonary • Nasal
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Visual system / Auditory system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Ocular (Ocular-topical / Intravitreal / Transscleral) • Otologic (Oto-topical)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Reproductive system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intracavernous • Intravaginal • Intrauterine (Extra-amniotic)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Urinary system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intravesical
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Peritoneum</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intraperitoneal
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Central nervous system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intracerebral • Intrathecal • Epidural
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Circulatory system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intravenous • Intracardiac
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Musculoskeletal system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intramuscular • Intraosseous
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Skin</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>Epicutaneous • Intradermal • Subcutaneous
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Routes of administration / Dosage forms
</TH></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Oral</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Digestive tract (enteral)
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Solids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Pill • Tablet • Capsule • Time release technology • Osmotic controlled release capsule (OROS)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Liquids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Solution • Softgel • Suspension • Emulsion • Syrup • Elixir • Tincture • Hydrogel
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Buccal / Sublabial / Sublingual
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Solids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT) • Film • Lollipop • Lozenges • Chewing gum
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Liquids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Mouthwash • Toothpaste • Ointment • Oral spray
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Respiratory tract
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Solids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Smoking device • Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Liquids
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI) • Nebulizer • Vaporizer
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 5em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Gas
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Oxygen mask • Oxygen concentrator • Anaesthetic machine • Relative analgesia machine
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
</TD><TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; WIDTH: 0%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" rowSpan=13>
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Ocular / Otologic / Nasal</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Nasal spray • Ear drops • Eye drops • Ointment • Hydrogel • Nanosphere suspension • Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Urogenital</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Ointment • Pessary (vaginal suppository) • Vaginal ring • Vaginal douche • Intrauterine device (IUD) • Extra-amniotic infusion • Intravesical infusion
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Rectal (enteral)</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Ointment • Suppository • Enema (Solution • Hydrogel) • Murphy drip • Nutrient enema
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Dermal</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Ointment • Liniment • Paste • Film • Hydrogel • Liposomes • Transfersome vesicals • Cream • Lotion • Lip balm • Medicated shampoo • Dermal patch • Transdermal patch • Transdermal spray • Jet injector
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Injection / Infusion
(into tissue/blood)
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Skin
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intradermal • Subcutaneous • Transdermal implant
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Organs
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intracavernous • Intravitreal • Transscleral
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Central nervous system
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intracerebral • Intrathecal • Epidural
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD style="PADDING-LEFT: 0em; WIDTH: 16em; PADDING-RIGHT: 0em; WHITE-SPACE: normal" class=navbox-group>Circulatory / Musculoskeletal
</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intravenous • Intracardiac • Intramuscular • Intraosseous • Intraperitoneal • Nanocell injection
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</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Additional explanation:</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">
<TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%" class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: auto; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND: lemonchiffon; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" colSpan=2>Mucous membranes are used by the human body to absorb the dosage for all routes of administration, except for "Dermal" and "Injection/Infusion".
Administration routes can also be grouped as Topical (local effect) or Systemic (defined as Enteral = Digestive tract/Rectal, or Parenteral = All other routes).
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</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE class=navbox cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TD style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 2px; PADDING-LEFT: 2px; PADDING-RIGHT: 2px; PADDING-TOP: 2px"><TABLE style="WIDTH: 100%; BACKGROUND: none transparent scroll repeat 0% 0%" id=collapsibleTable1 class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" cellSpacing=0><TBODY><TR><TH class=navbox-title colSpan=2>
Routes of administration by organ system
</TH></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Gastrointestinal</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Oral • Buccal • Sublabial • Sublingual • Rectal
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Respiratory system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Pulmonary • Nasal
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Visual system / Auditory system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Ocular (Ocular-topical / Intravitreal / Transscleral) • Otologic (Oto-topical)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Reproductive system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intracavernous • Intravaginal • Intrauterine (Extra-amniotic)
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Urinary system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intravesical
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Peritoneum</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intraperitoneal
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Central nervous system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intracerebral • Intrathecal • Epidural
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Circulatory system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-even">Intravenous • Intracardiac
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Musculoskeletal system</TD><TD style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; BORDER-LEFT: 2px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="navbox-list navbox-odd">Intramuscular • Intraosseous
</TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 2px"><TD></TD></TR><TR><TD class=navbox-group>Skin</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>Epicutaneous • Intradermal • Subcutaneous
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