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by Anthony Roberts Oral Turinabol (4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone) is the drug made famous by the East German state-sponsored doping program. Of course, it’s not the only drug they used, but it holds the distinction of having been used more than any other. It’s the one people think about...

by Anthony Roberts Clostebol is an old anabolic steroid that wasn’t very popular outside of the former German Democratic Republic. In it’s original incarnation, it was known as Megagrisevit-Mono, and was comprised of the parent hormone clostebol (4-chloro-testosterone) attached to the acetate...

The East Germans experimented with other incarnations of 4-chloro substituted anabolic steroids, some of which were variants of Oral Turinabol (11beta-Hydroxy-Oral Turinabol), and others that didn’t even have names (called “steroid substance 482” and “steroid substance 648”), none of which were...

While it is well documented that testosterone levels decline in aging men, recent studies show that in some cases obesity and impaired general health can be more influential causes of testosterone deficiency than chronological age and aging per se.[1, 2] Here I present real-life results from a...

When you think of female figures in the fitness industry, it goes without saying that if you were to ramble off five names, one of those would most definitely be Dana Linn Bailey. The first female physique pro to ever make it into the big leagues (IFBB). An active athlete her entire life, it was...

by Anthony Roberts We’ve all seen this before – a new steroid or prohormone hits the market and the sales pitch includes a crazy anabolic rating and some kind of claim like “six times more anabolic than testosterone!” But what does this actually mean, in real world terms? Very little, as it...

Introduction Prostate health in men is often dismissed or overlooked. Lots of folks are working towards healthy blood counts and liver values, but the fact is that your prostate gland is highly affected. This may not be a big deal to you, but a lot of concern will be raised once you understand...

by Anthony Roberts Back in 2004 I wrote the first heavily researched article of my career. It was about Clenbuterol, and you can still find it in article forums and profile sections on most major sites. One of the most controversial points I made was that Clenbuterol is anabolic. At the time...

by Geoff RobertsThe main reasons for pursuing a given game or sport, range from essentially being forced since childhood, to discovering a rare talent much later in life. Of all these catalysts, the two that take precedence over all others tend to be chasing fame/fortune, and the simple love of...

by Mike Arnold Most bodybuilders tend to view estrogen as a fat storage hormone, but its actions on adipose tissue are not so simple. In excessive amounts it can indeed lead to body fat acquisition, but in quantities compatible with male physiology it has a positive effect on bodyfat, making it...

Although building muscle without exercise may seem like the ideal endpoint of all anabolic research, this is a feat that just hasn’t been realized yet. There are a number of effective drugs and supplements for augmenting muscle growth, but resistance training is in inseparable part to the...

by Mike ArnoldEverything tends to move in phases. This is true of training, diet, drug use, and even the smaller, less recognized aspects of the bodybuilding experience. Although some of the younger guys won’t remember this, it was only about 15 years ago that the use of aromatase inhibitors was...

CJC-1295 What’s Growth Hormone? Growth Hormone (GH) is a hormone released from the pituitary in your brain which is responsible for the growth and maturation of humans to adulthood. As you age its levels decrease, and it signals the body to gradually fall apart. The theory is the key to...

The human body can make most of the types of fats it needs from other fats or raw materials. That isn’t the case for omega-3 fatty acids (also called omega-3 fats and n-3 fats). These are essential fats—the body can’t make them from scratch but must get them from food. Foods high in Omega-3...

Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D, apart from its regulatory effects on musculoskeletal health, is involved in reproductive function in both genders. The basis of the interplay between vitamin D and reproduction lays on the presence of both vitamin D...

by Mike Arnold It seems like just yesterday that every aspiring bodybuilder was following the example of men like Dorian Yates and Ronnie Coleman, who were known for lifting ungodly amounts of weights on a near daily basis. But over the last 10 or so years bodybuilders seem to have moved away...

While there are some clear indications for testosterone replacement in children, the role of testosterone therapy in most adult men is not as clearly defined. This has implications as testosterone therapy is associated with numerous risks, including worsening sleep apnea, erythrocytosis, and...

The so called double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) is accepted by medicine as the gold standard objective scientific methodology, and provides the highest strength of evidence for the effectiveness of a treatment.[1-4] An accumulating body of evidence shows that treating hypogonadal...

In people with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, it has long been well documented that long-term use of aspirin is an effective anti-platelet treatment that significantly reduces the risk of serious cardiovascular events (such as heart attacks and strokes) by 30% and cardiovascular death by...

by Josh Hodnik Clomiphene (Clomid) is one of the first drugs ever used for post-cycle-therapy to restore the body’s natural testosterone production. Clomiphene is a synthetic estrogen agonist/antagonist. In certain tissues it can block estrogen by binding to certain receptors. It can oppose the...