Interleukins | Principal Source | Primary Activity |
IL1-α and -β | macrophages and other antigen presenting cells (APCs) | co-stimulation of APCs and T cells, inflammation and fever, acute phase response, hematopoiesis |
IL-2 | activated Th1 cells, NK cells | proliferation of B cells and activated T cells, NK functions |
IL-3 | activated T cells | growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells |
IL-4 | Th2 and mast cells | B cell proliferation, eosinophil and mast cell growth and function, IgE and class II MHC expression on B cells, inhibition of monokine production |
IL-5 | Th2 and mast cells | eosinophil growth and function |
IL-6 | activated Th2 cells, APCs, other somatic cells such as hepatocytes and adipocytes | acute phase response, B cell proliferation, thrombopoiesis, synergistic with IL-1β and TNF on T cells |
IL-7 | thymic and marrow stromal cells | T and B lymphopoiesis |
IL-8 | macrophages, other somatic cells | chemoattractant for neutrophils and T cells |
IL-9 | T cells | hematopoietic and thymopoietic effects |
IL-10 | activated Th2 cells, CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T and B cells, macrophages | inhibits cytokine production, promotes B cell proliferation and antibody production, suppresses cellular immunity, mast cell growth |
IL-11 | bone marrow stromal cells | synergisitc hematopoietic and thrombopoietic effects |
IL-12 | B cells, T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells | proliferation of NK cells, INF-γ production, promotes cell-mediated immune functions |
IL-13 | Th2 cells, B cells, macrophages | stimulates growth and proliferation of B cells, inhibits production of macrophage inflammatory cytokines |
IL-14 | T cells and malignant B cells | regulates the growth and proliferation of B cells |
IL-15 | virus infected macrophages, mononuclear phagocytes | induces production of NK cells |
IL-16 | eosinophils, CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells, lymphocytes, epithelial cells | chemoattractant for CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] cells |
IL-17: six isoforms all from different genes;
IL-17A, B, C, D, E, and F (IL-17E also called IL-25) | A and F forms only expressed in a subset of T cells; B expressed in leukocytes and peripheral tissues; C up-regulated during inflammation; D expressed in nervous system and skeletal muscle; E expressed in peripheral tissues | increases production of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, affects endothelial and epithelial cells |
IL-18 | macrophages | increases NK cell activity, induces production of INF-γ |
Interferons | Principal Source | Primary Activity |
INF-α and -β | macrophages, neutrophils and some somatic cells | antiviral effects, induction of class I MHC on all somatic cells, activation of NK cells and macrophages |
INF-γ | activated Th1 and NK cells | induces of class I MHC on all somatic cells, induces class II MHC on APCs and somatic cells, activates macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, promotes cell-mediated immunity, antiviral effects |