A very interesting study done in Germany showed the effect of the ingestion high polyphenol dark chocolate on endogenous Nitric Oxide production.
A very interesting side note here is that a part of the research that we did internally during the creation of HEMANOVOL centered around Theobromine, a key polypholic constituent of dark chocolate. There is a great deal of additional research that supports the nitric-oxide induced vasodilatory effect of Theobromine. During the prolonged testing phase of HEMANOVOL, we also noted that anecdotal evidence showed a perceived increase in body temperature, likely due to the vasodilation.
ALLMAX thought it was so important in fact that they put over a 100 mg of pure Theobromine per serving in HEMANOVOL.
It's definitely an interesting read. And if you are interested in getting the potent effects that Nitric Oxide has to offer, then make sure your supplement has a good dose of Theobromine.
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Effects of Low Habitual Cocoa Intake on Blood Pressure and Bioactive Nitric Oxide[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]A Randomized Controlled Trial [/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Dirk Taubert, MD, PhD; Renate Roesen, PhD; Clara Lehmann, MD; Norma Jung, MD; Edgar Schömig, MD [/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]JAMA. 2007;298:49-60. [/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Context Regular intake of cocoa-containing foods is linked<SUP> </SUP>to lower cardiovascular mortality in observational studies.<SUP> </SUP>Short-term interventions of at most 2 weeks indicate that high<SUP> </SUP>doses of cocoa can improve endothelial function and reduce blood<SUP> </SUP>pressure (BP) due to the action of the cocoa polyphenols, but<SUP> </SUP>the clinical effect of low habitual cocoa intake on BP and the<SUP> </SUP>underlying BP-lowering mechanisms are unclear.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]objective To determine effects of low doses of polyphenol-rich<SUP> </SUP>dark chocolate on BP.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, controlled,<SUP> </SUP>investigator-blinded, parallel-group trial involving 44 adults<SUP> </SUP>aged 56 through 73 years (24 women, 20 men) with untreated upper-range<SUP> </SUP>prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension without concomitant<SUP> </SUP>risk factors. The trial was conducted at a primary care clinic<SUP> </SUP>in Germany between January 2005 and December 2006.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to receive<SUP> </SUP>for 18 weeks either 6.3 g (30 kcal) per day of dark chocolate<SUP> </SUP>containing 30 mg of polyphenols or matching polyphenol-free<SUP> </SUP>white chocolate.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome measure was the<SUP> </SUP>change in BP after 18 weeks. Secondary outcome measures were<SUP> </SUP>changes in plasma markers of vasodilative nitric oxide (S-nitrosoglutathione)<SUP> </SUP>and oxidative stress (8-isoprostane), and bioavailability of<SUP> </SUP>cocoa polyphenols.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Results From baseline to 18 weeks, dark chocolate intake<SUP> </SUP>reduced mean (SD) systolic BP by –2.9 (1.6) mm Hg (P < .001)<SUP> </SUP>and diastolic BP by –1.9 (1.0) mm Hg (P < .001)<SUP> </SUP>without changes in body weight, plasma levels of lipids, glucose,<SUP> </SUP>and 8-isoprostane. Hypertension prevalence declined from 86%<SUP> </SUP>to 68%. The BP decrease was accompanied by a sustained increase<SUP> </SUP>of S-nitrosoglutathione by 0.23 (0.12) nmol/L (P < .001),<SUP> </SUP>and a dark chocolate dose resulted in the appearance of cocoa<SUP> </SUP>phenols in plasma. White chocolate intake caused no changes<SUP> </SUP>in BP or plasma biomarkers.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Conclusions Data in this relatively small sample of otherwise<SUP> </SUP>healthy individuals with above-optimal BP indicate that inclusion<SUP> </SUP>of small amounts of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate as part of<SUP> </SUP>a usual diet efficiently reduced BP and improved formation of<SUP> </SUP>vasodilative nitric oxide[/FONT]
A very interesting side note here is that a part of the research that we did internally during the creation of HEMANOVOL centered around Theobromine, a key polypholic constituent of dark chocolate. There is a great deal of additional research that supports the nitric-oxide induced vasodilatory effect of Theobromine. During the prolonged testing phase of HEMANOVOL, we also noted that anecdotal evidence showed a perceived increase in body temperature, likely due to the vasodilation.
ALLMAX thought it was so important in fact that they put over a 100 mg of pure Theobromine per serving in HEMANOVOL.
It's definitely an interesting read. And if you are interested in getting the potent effects that Nitric Oxide has to offer, then make sure your supplement has a good dose of Theobromine.
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Effects of Low Habitual Cocoa Intake on Blood Pressure and Bioactive Nitric Oxide[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]A Randomized Controlled Trial [/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Dirk Taubert, MD, PhD; Renate Roesen, PhD; Clara Lehmann, MD; Norma Jung, MD; Edgar Schömig, MD [/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]JAMA. 2007;298:49-60. [/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Context Regular intake of cocoa-containing foods is linked<SUP> </SUP>to lower cardiovascular mortality in observational studies.<SUP> </SUP>Short-term interventions of at most 2 weeks indicate that high<SUP> </SUP>doses of cocoa can improve endothelial function and reduce blood<SUP> </SUP>pressure (BP) due to the action of the cocoa polyphenols, but<SUP> </SUP>the clinical effect of low habitual cocoa intake on BP and the<SUP> </SUP>underlying BP-lowering mechanisms are unclear.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]objective To determine effects of low doses of polyphenol-rich<SUP> </SUP>dark chocolate on BP.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, controlled,<SUP> </SUP>investigator-blinded, parallel-group trial involving 44 adults<SUP> </SUP>aged 56 through 73 years (24 women, 20 men) with untreated upper-range<SUP> </SUP>prehypertension or stage 1 hypertension without concomitant<SUP> </SUP>risk factors. The trial was conducted at a primary care clinic<SUP> </SUP>in Germany between January 2005 and December 2006.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to receive<SUP> </SUP>for 18 weeks either 6.3 g (30 kcal) per day of dark chocolate<SUP> </SUP>containing 30 mg of polyphenols or matching polyphenol-free<SUP> </SUP>white chocolate.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome measure was the<SUP> </SUP>change in BP after 18 weeks. Secondary outcome measures were<SUP> </SUP>changes in plasma markers of vasodilative nitric oxide (S-nitrosoglutathione)<SUP> </SUP>and oxidative stress (8-isoprostane), and bioavailability of<SUP> </SUP>cocoa polyphenols.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Results From baseline to 18 weeks, dark chocolate intake<SUP> </SUP>reduced mean (SD) systolic BP by –2.9 (1.6) mm Hg (P < .001)<SUP> </SUP>and diastolic BP by –1.9 (1.0) mm Hg (P < .001)<SUP> </SUP>without changes in body weight, plasma levels of lipids, glucose,<SUP> </SUP>and 8-isoprostane. Hypertension prevalence declined from 86%<SUP> </SUP>to 68%. The BP decrease was accompanied by a sustained increase<SUP> </SUP>of S-nitrosoglutathione by 0.23 (0.12) nmol/L (P < .001),<SUP> </SUP>and a dark chocolate dose resulted in the appearance of cocoa<SUP> </SUP>phenols in plasma. White chocolate intake caused no changes<SUP> </SUP>in BP or plasma biomarkers.<SUP> </SUP>[/FONT]
[FONT=verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif]Conclusions Data in this relatively small sample of otherwise<SUP> </SUP>healthy individuals with above-optimal BP indicate that inclusion<SUP> </SUP>of small amounts of polyphenol-rich dark chocolate as part of<SUP> </SUP>a usual diet efficiently reduced BP and improved formation of<SUP> </SUP>vasodilative nitric oxide[/FONT]
