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Where is Bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno Today?

Where is Bodybuilder Lou Ferrigno Today?

Before there was The Incredible Hulk, there was the one and only Lou Ferrigno, a professional bodybuilder who competed with the likes of Arnold Schwarzenegger during the Golden Era of lifting.
But Lou Ferrigno’s story is a little bit more interesting than most (and let’s be honest, all bodybuilders seem to have pretty awesome stories). Lou managed to make a name for himself in not one, but two industries, both of which are fairly difficult to break into.
Because not only is he known for his massive physique, but he is also known for his acting, starring in TV shows and films such as The Incredible Hulk and the monumental documentary Pumping Iron.
Between bodybuilding and acting, Lou Ferrigno has become an iconic figure in sports and American culture. But, since he hasn’t competed in Mr. Olympia since the 90s and made his Hulk debut in the 70s, it leads us to wonder: What’s the lifting legend and actor up to today?
Let’s find out!
Table of Contents:

Who is Lou Ferrigno?
Where is Lou Ferrigno Today?
8 Interesting Lou Ferrigno Facts
Lou Ferrigno’s Success: Where It All Began
Lou Ferrigno’s Bodybuilding Career
What Bodybuilding Titles Did Lou Ferrigno Win?
Why Didn’t Lou Ferrigno Ever Win Mr. Olympia?
Lou Ferrigno’s Training Principles
Lou Ferrigno’s Favorite Exercises
FAQs

Who is Lou Ferrigno?
Ferrigno was a professional bodybuilder during the Golden Era and competed against lifting legends like Arnold Schwarzenegger.
He was also one of the primary figures in the groundbreaking documentary film Pumping Iron, which followed the training of select bodybuilders as they prepared to compete in the 1975 IFBB Mr. Universe and 1975 Mr. Olympia shows.
Back in the 70s, professional bodybuilders had more star power than today. In fact, the spotlight led to Lou Ferrigno being selected to play The Hulk in the TV series The Incredible Hulk (Bill Bixby played Dr. David Banner). This series was a hit and lasted 5 seasons, thrusting Ferrigno into stardom.
From here, he would be chosen to play in multiple other movies, including Hercules, Sinbad of the Seven Seas, and Instant Death, playing John Bradley, just to name just a few. Today, he mainly plays cameos of himself in big comedies.
And all of this started because of his bodybuilding career.
Where is Lou Ferrigno Today?
Considered one of the biggest bodybuilders of all time, Lou Ferrigno retired from bodybuilding after his attempt at the 1994 Masters Olympia, a competition that was at the center of yet another documentary film titled Stand Tall, released in 1997.
But, his ’94 bodybuilding retirement wasn’t the end of Lou Ferrigno. He has remained relatively active in Hollywood with smaller roles and cameos, while also starting his own fitness business and focusing on his family.

And in 2018, Lou Ferrigno was appointed chairperson of the President’s Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition by then-President Donald Trump.
Let’s take a closer look at where Lou Ferrigno is today.

Lou Ferrigno’s Current Career
Today, Lou Ferrigno is semi-retired and primarily takes on smaller acting roles and cameos in films and reality shows. In addition, he’s currently filming an independent horror film titled The Hermit, a movie about a cannibalistic pig farmer.
Lou has remained relatively consistent with his acting and has been involved in an average of 2-3 projects per year for at least the past decade.
Lou Ferrigno also runs a fitness platform with his daughter Shanna Ferrigno. Called Ferrigno Fit, his fitness platform focuses on healthy nutrition, physical activity, and personal coaching. 

Lou Ferrigno’s Family Life
Lou Ferrigno has been married twice in his life. His first wife was Susan Groff, whom he wed in 1978 and was divorced from in 1979.
Lou Ferrigno’s next wife would stand the test of time. Married in 1980, Carla Green and Lou Ferrigno have been married for 43 years, live in Arroyo Grande, California, and have three children together:

Shanna (born 1981)
Louis Jr. (born 1984)
Brent (born 1990)

Lou Ferrigno Jr (Lou Jr) has followed in his father’s acting footsteps, playing roles in different TV series and B films. Lou Ferrigno Jr.’s greatest success is on TV, as he stars in several major dramas, including Swat and Outer Banks.
Shanna has partnered with her father to develop Ferrigno Fit, an online fitness platform. In addition, she also has had several roles in various soap operas.
There is little information on Brent.

8 Interesting Lou Ferrigno Facts
From training Michael Jackson to being an LA and Arizona sworn-in sheriff deputy, there is no shortage of interesting facts about Lou Ferrigno.
Here’s a look at our favorites.

He received a cochlear implant in 2021, which helped Lou to better differentiate between different sounds and tones. Before his cochlear implant, Lou relied on hearing aids.

Lou Ferrigno sued his brother and sister-in-law in 2006 for the use of his name for business ventures.
He trained Michael Jackson in the early ’90s and 2009.
Lou played in the Canadian Football League for 1 month in 1976.
He is a sworn-in sheriff’s deputy in Los Angeles (2006) and Maricopa County, Arizona (2010).
In 2018, he was appointed chairperson of the President’s Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition by then-President Donald Trump.
Lou was a contestant on season five of the NBC reality television series The Celebrity Apprentice.

Thor 3 Ragnarok was the first film in which Lou Ferrigno did not voice the Incredible Hulk (Mark Ruffalo took over).

Lou Ferrigno’s Success: Where It All Began
Lou Ferrigno comes from a family of Italian descent and was born in Brooklyn, New York, on November 9, 1951. His parents were Victoria and Matt Ferrigno. His father, Matt, worked for the police department, and his mother, Victoria, was a stay-at-home mom.
During his youth, Lou Ferrigno suffered from hearing loss from an ear infection, which eventually led to a speech impediment as well. Sadly, it led to him being constantly bullied in school.
This abuse led Ferrigno to turn to comic books and hero movies as a source of power. Ironically, one of his heroes at the time was Hercules, played by Steve Reeves, another professional bodybuilding star who competed many years before him.
Lou Ferrigno’s family did not have a lot of money. Therefore, when Ferrigno’s childhood dream became weight training at 13 years old, he used a broomstick and buckets of cement for weights.
He became obsessed with working out, building muscle, and gaining strength.
Lou Ferrigno’s Bodybuilding Career
Lou Ferrigno wouldn’t be Lou Ferrigno if it wasn’t for his bodybuilding career. His training is what gave him the size to play a superhero, and his success led him to star in the most famous bodybuilding documentary ever.
Lou Ferrigno started weight training at the young age of 13 as an outlet for the constant bullying he received due to his hearing loss. His love for bodybuilding grew throughout high school, as he continued growing in mass and size.
After graduating in 1969, Ferrigno won his first major competition in 1971, winning first in the WBBG Pro Mr. America Title (Teen division). After a few more competitions, he won his first IFFB competition, the IFBB Mr. America title. He would then go on to dominate the IFBB Mr. America and IFBB Mr. Olympia up until 1974.
It was in 1974 when Lou Ferrigno entered the world of Mr. Olympia. In his first Mr. Olympia contest, he would take second place, followed by 3rd place the following year. After realizing his bodybuilding dream wasn’t as financially rewarding as he’d hoped, Lou Ferrigno quit and became involved in other ventures, including playing The Hulk.
Lou Ferrigno wasn’t done with Mr. Olympia forever, though. He returned to bodybuilding in 1992 and 1993, receiving his lowest placements at 12th and 10th places, respectively. This was, at least in part, due to Ferrigno being at the outer limits of his age category.
In 1994, Lou Ferrigno returned to compete in Mr. Olympia Masters, coming in with an awesome 2nd place finish.

What Bodybuilding Titles Did Lou Ferrigno Win?
Despite never taking 1st place at Mr. Olympia, fans love Lou Ferrigno, and he still has a long list of wins and accomplishments to show for his bodybuilding career.
Here’s a look:

1971 WBBG Pro Mr. America: Teen 1st
1971 AAU Teen Mr. America: 4th, Most Muscular
1972 WBBG Pro Mr. America: 2nd
1972 NABBA Mr. Universe Tall: 2nd
1973 IFBB Mr. America: Overall Winner
1973 IFBB Mr. Universe Tall: 1st, Overall Winner
1974 IFBB Mr. International: 1st
1974 IFBB Mr. Universe Tall: 1st, Overall Winner
1974 Mr. Olympia Heavyweight: 2nd
1975 Mr. Olympia Tall: 3rd
1992 Mr. Olympia: 12th
1993 Mr. Olympia: 10th
1994 Olympia Masters: 2nd

Why Didn’t Lou Ferrigno Ever Win Mr. Olympia?
Two words: Arnold Schwarzenegger. The rivalry between Arnold Schwarzenegger and Lou Ferrigno is legendary and is the focal point of the documentary Pumping Iron. While it was always speculated that Lou Ferrigno could win Mr. Olympia and beat Arnold Schwarzenegger, it never came to fruition.
Arnold was just too perfect. Even with his smaller size, he was somehow able to look bigger than Ferrigno. Arnold’s aesthetics, along with his charm, truly made him unstoppable.
Interested in taking a look at Arnold Schwarzenegger’s training plan? Check out our article on the Arnold Split!

 
Lou Ferrigno’s Training Principles
Having a physique that enables you to play characters like The Incredible Hulk and Hercules means it’s safe to say Lou Ferrigno knows what he’s talking about workout-wise. Oh, and the fact he’s one of the best professional bodybuilders. That too.
Let’s look at some of the principles he used inside the gym.
1) Focus On Compound Lifts & The Basics:
One thing The Hulk and SET FOR SET have in common? Being huge fans of compound exercises. Prioritizing multijoint exercises stems from Lou’s belief in mastering the basics, which is another philosophy held here.
First work on major lifts such as your bench press, squat, deadlift, overhead press, and bent-over row. Then you can focus on including some isolation exercises.
2) Use Variety:
Ferrigno was also known for changing up his routines and workout split. This may be by swapping the barbell for a dumbbell, altering angles, or simply changing the grip width.
But, to be clear, do it in a planned manner.
3) Pose Between Sets:
One of the more interesting practices of Lou Ferrigno includes posing between his sets. He would do this for two main reasons:

It helped him practice his posing.
It incorporated isometric holds into his training.

4) Utilize Forced Reps:
Forced reps have been a part of bro science for a very long time, and Lou Ferrigno was a fan. In fact, this was one of Lou Ferrigno’s favorite practices as he believed it helped with greater muscle recruitment.
Specifically, Ferrigno would first train to failure and then have a friend assist with the concentric while he controlled the eccentric. He would usually do this for an extra 3-4 reps.
5) Train With High Volume:
Volume is the key to muscle hypertrophy. Lou Ferrigno knew this and relied on it in his training. There are some who estimate that he would perform up to 80 sets in just one session.
To put that in perspective, a session with 8 exercises that use a 3×8 rep scheme only has 24 working sets.

Lou Ferrigno’s Favorite Exercises
As mentioned, Lou Ferrigno was a massive fan of compound exercises. He loved the basics and felt everything else came after a strong foundation of large, multipoint movements.
His favorites included:

Squat
Deadlift
Overhead Press
Bench Press
Bentover Row
Dips
Pull Ups

FAQs
Let’s answer some frequently asked Lou Ferrigno questions.
Who was bigger, Arnold Schwarzenegger or Lou Ferrigno?
Lou Ferrigno was actually considerably larger than Arnold Schwarzenegger. During the competition, Arnold stood at 6’2″ while Ferrigno stood at 6’5″. Weighing 275 pounds, Lou Ferrigno also had 35-45 pounds on Arnold Schwarzenegger’s 230-240-pound frame.
What Was Lou Ferrigno’s Workout Split?
Lou Ferrigno primarily used a 6-day split where he trained body parts twice a week. He paired chest and back, shoulders and arms, and legs.
When did Lou lose 80% hearing loss?
As a young child, his parents first brought him to an ear doctor at the age of 4 as they noticed he did not react to sounds.
Why did Lou Ferrigno go deaf?
Lou Ferrigno lost his hearing due to multiple ear infections as a child.
Was Lou Ferrigno the first Hulk?
Yes. Along with Bruce Bixby, who played Dr. Bruce Banner, Lou Ferrigno was the first on-screen Hulk.
What Is Lou Ferrigno’s Net Worth?
Lou Ferrigno is believed to be worth more than $15 million.

Lou Ferrigno: A Bodybuilding Culture Icon
The only bodybuilder who’s made a bigger impact than Lou Ferrigno on our culture is his rival, Arnold Schwarzenegger. And ironically, it’s this rivalry that thrust them both into mainstream popularity.
Regardless, Lou Ferrigno is proof that not all champions win the title. Throughout his career, he has cemented himself firmly as a staple in American culture.
What’s perhaps even more inspiring is that he’s not finished! He certainly doesn’t need the money, but he’s still active, making films, educating the public on fitness and health, and staying active on social media.
Lou truly is a star and a fitness industry pioneer. We’ll leave you with some parting words from Lou: “Everyone has a little bit of The Hulk inside them.”
Curious about what other famous bodybuilders are up to? Check out our article: Where Is 8 Time Mr. Olympia Lee Haney Today?

Images courtesy of Lou Ferrigno’s Instagram

How Long Until Pre-Workout Kicks In: A Guide to Maximizing The Supplement

How Long Until Pre-Workout Kicks In: A Guide to Maximizing The Supplement

The difference between a good workout and a great one often comes down to being able to generate an extra 5-10% energy, strength, and focus. It allows you to get that extra rep, keep pushing when every muscle fiber in your body begs you to quit, and dial in your mind-muscle connection. A good pre-workout delivers this edge.
A pre-workout will only be effective if you know the right time to take it. That’s why you need to know how long it takes for pre-workouts to kick in. This article answers that question. We’ll also look at how long a pre-workout lasts, identify the ideal ingredients, and pinpoint when you should take your pre-workout for the best results. 
How Long Before a Pre-Workout Kicks In?

How long it takes for a pre-workout to take effect depends entirely on the ingredients. Stimulants, such as caffeine, will take between 30 and 60 minutes to take full effect, depending on your body’s tolerance.
Many other pre-workout ingredients, including taurine, beta-alanine, and creatine, will take approximately 30 minutes to take effect. Their peak time, or the point when their effects are at their strongest, is about an hour after taking it. That is when they will be at their highest concentration in your bloodstream.
So, if you mix your pre-workout in the gym locker room and drink it as you make your way onto the gym floor, you should rethink your timing. You’re not going to feel the full effects of your supplement for about an hour. You’ll have no effect at all for the first 30 minutes. Most people’s workouts are pretty much done after an hour, so you’re only going to get the full effects as you leave the gym.

The best time to take a pre-workout is about 30 minutes before the workout begins.

How Long Does a Pre-Workout Last Once Mixed?
Unfortunately, there is no definite answer to this question. It depends on several factors, which we’ll examine in detail. As a general guideline, however, your pre-workout should last between 1.5-2 hours.
Factors Affecting Pre-Workout Potency
Factors that affect your pre-workout duration:
Supplement Type
The quality of the supplement is the single most significant factor influencing how long a pre-workout will last in your body. Pre-workouts contain several ingredients, each of which has different effective durations in the body. Not only that, but the quality of the ingredient may differ between products. A cheap creatine product may last only half as long as a purer, higher-quality product.
Many pre-workouts contain beta-alanine, which offsets fatigue and allows you to recover between sets quickly. A good quality beta-alanine supplement will have an effective time of about 90 minutes. [1]
Supplement ingredients such as l-citrulline, l-arginine, and nitrate act as vasodilators by boosting the body’s natural production of nitric oxide. These allow for greater blood flow and a better pump. They will last for several hours in the body. [2]
Most pre-workouts contain a combination of ingredients with an average effectiveness time of between one and two hours. [3]
Wrecked Pre-workout Container
Supplement Dosage
Your pre-workout dosage affects its effective duration in your body. If you double the stated dosage of a product, it will last longer, though not necessarily double the period.
However, the recommended dosage stated on the product label usually allows it to work for between 90 and 120 minutes. You do not want your workout to last longer than two hours, so there’s no reason to take more than the recommended dosage. [4]
Your Physique
A supplement’s effect on your body will depend on your physique. A bodybuilder who weighs 260 pounds and has sub ten percent body fat will need a greater dosage of a pre-workout than a 110-pound marathon runner.
If you are over 200 pounds, you will probably want to move toward the higher range of the recommended dosage to get the supplement to work for an average of 90 minutes in your system.
Nutrition
Big eaters will need a higher dosage of a pre-workout to be effective. The reason is that your digestive enzymes will be busy digesting your food and will not be as effective in breaking down your pre-workout ingredients in the required time to give you the full workout benefits.
People who are under-eating will have an enhanced pre-workout effect. However, this is not a healthy habit. You should eat a quality 50/50 carb/protein mix meal about two hours before your workout.
Lifestyle
Pre-workouts provide an immediate energy burst for your workout. They should not be used as a lifestyle booster to help get you through your day after late-night partying.
If you’re looking for something to negate the ill effects of a partying lifestyle so you can hit the gym, your pre-workout will not do that for you. That’s because your poor lifestyle habits will have already mucked up your system to the extent that the benefits of your pre-workout ingredients will be overshadowed by lack of sleep and the processing of alcohol and whatever else you may have ingested. [5]
While we’re on the subject, you should not take alcohol anywhere near your workout. It will wreak havoc on the key hormones required for workout efficiency, namely testosterone, human growth hormone, and insulin.
The drowsy effect of alcohol on the brain will interfere with the ability to react to signals that come from certain pre-workout ingredients. [6]
Water Intake
Your level of hydration will affect the timing of your pre-workout. The pre-workout ingredients will move more effectively through your digestive system if you are well-hydrated. It is, therefore, important to drink plenty of water around the time of your workout. Additionally, sip water throughout the training session.

When Should I Take My Pre-Workout?
Take your pre-workout 30 minutes before your training session. This will provide the ingredients enough time to be absorbed into your system so that they are ready to fire from your first rep.
Most people find that taking a pre-workout sup before they leave home for the gym provides them with enough time to benefit fully when they begin their workout.
You should have a pre-workout meal about two hours before heading to the gym. This should be a 50/50 mix of protein and complex carbs, such as chicken and sweet potato.
So, How Do I Know If the Pre-Workout is Working?
There’s a lot of marketing hype around what pre-workouts can do for you. Generally, the reality is a far cry from what the ads claim. You can expect a noticeable, but not a dramatic, increase in your training motivation, energy, and recovery time, and if the product contains nitric oxide enhancers, a muscle pump during the workout.
Some pre-workout ingredients produce physical side effects that tell you they are working. Beta-alanine, for example, may produce a tingling sensation on your scalp, tongue, or fingertips. Caffeine will increase perspiration.
You should monitor the effect of your pre-workout in a diary and compare it to sessions where you are going pre-workout-free. If you don’t notice any difference, switch to another product.
The 11 Best Pre-Workout Ingredients
Your pre-workout is only as good as its ingredients and dosage. Here’s an overview of the 11 best ingredients to look out for on the label.
1. Caffeine
Caffeine is the world’s most popular stimulant. Billions of people rely on it for the mental and physical ‘pick-me-up’ to power them through their day. So, it’s hardly surprising that caffeine is a base ingredient in quality pre-workouts.
Coffee Bean
Caffeine is an odorless, slightly bitter-tasting neurotoxic alkaloid found naturally in several plants. Plants produce neurotoxins to protect themselves from insects and other predators. Caffeine dissolves easily in water and has crystals that look like tiny needles. It is a potent central nervous system stimulant that releases dopamine to boost motivation, alertness, and energy. [7]
Caffeine has been shown to have the following workout-boosting effects:

Improved mental focus
Enhanced fat loss
Greater muscular endurance
Strength increase

Recommended Dosage: 150-250 mg

Related: Caffeine Calculator – Are Your Consuming Too Much?
2. Theanine
Green tea contains the amino acid theanine. It is principally responsible for green tea’s capacity to calm the nerves and revitalize the body. However, theanine has yet another strong effect. It can lessen the immediate negative effects of caffeine on the body without reducing its energy-boosting benefits. Theanine has also been shown to improve cognition and mood. [8]

Recommended Dosage: 200 mg

3. B-Vitamins
The eight water-soluble vitamins that make up the B vitamins are thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, and vitamin B12. Together, the eight vitamins offer various health advantages, such as accelerating metabolism, preserving high energy levels, and improving fat digestion. [9]
Recommended Dosage: 

B1: 1.2 mg 
B2: 1.3 mg
B3: 16 mg NE
B5: 5 mg
B6: 1.3 mg
Biotin: 30 mcg
Folic acid: 400 mcg DFE
B12: 2.4 mcg

4. Citicoline
Citicoline is a nootropic that enhances brain function. Nootropics boost cognitive function, enabling you to concentrate better and be more conscious of the relationship between your mind and muscles when exercising.
Citicoline produces this result by raising the body’s acetylcholine levels. The brain’s neurotransmitter acetylcholine is essential for improving memory, recall, and consciousness. Additionally, citicoline enhances blood flow to the brain, enhancing cognitive function. [10]
Citicoline is added to pre-workouts to improve focus so you can concentrate more on your workout and enhance the mind-muscle connection. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter than transports messages between brain cells. When you take citicoline, the body’s acetylcholine levels increase. Citicoline has also been shown to improve blood flow to the brain.

Recommended Dosage: 250-500 mg

5. Citrulline Malate
The non-essential amino acid citrulline bonds with the organic salt molecule malate to form citrulline malate. The amino acid glutamine is used to make citrulline in the intestines. It is crucial to eliminate ammonia, a byproduct of exercise that can hamper energy production and cause weariness and poor performance. 
Malate is a naturally occurring substance found in fruits like apples. It plays a part in the Krebs cycle, a chemical event sequence that converts carbs, lipids, and proteins into energy. Malate may also recycle lactate to provide energy. This is essential to keep the muscles from being drained and speed up recovery. Combining malate and citrulline improves training results. [11]
Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid. It is combined with an organic salt called malate to create citrulline malate. When you take citrulline malate, it converts to the nitric oxide precursor arginine. Nitric oxide enlarges the blood vessels, allowing more oxygen and nutrients to get to the working muscles.

Recommended Dosage: 6-8 grams

6. Taurine
Taurine is a non-essential amino acid that contains sulfur. It is one of the amino acids in the body in the highest concentrations. Fish, cattle, poultry, and lamb all contain naturally-occurring taurine. It is also a well-liked component of energy beverages like Red Bull. 
Due to its capacity to remove calcium from the body, taurine increases the activity of your central nervous system. Additionally, it counteracts the effects of free radicals, a normal side effect of exercise. Taurine supplements will provide additional energy, counteracting weariness and resulting in greater muscle contractions with each rep. [12]
Taurine is an amino acid that is added to supplements for its nootropic effects. It is able to remove calcium from the body, increasing central nervous system activity. It also fights against the free radical damage caused by oxidative stress and increases energy levels.

Recommended Dosage: 1-2 grams

7. Beta-alanine
The human body naturally manufactures the amino acid beta-alanine. Because it is essential for synthesizing carnosine, which is contained in muscle fiber, it is a crucial amino for anabolism. Research and practical experience in the gym have demonstrated that beta-alanine improves muscle contraction while counteracting exercise-induced tiredness. [13]

Recommended Dosage: 2-5 grams

8. Tyrosine
Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid, meaning the body can make it. High-protein foods like soy, turkey, chicken, fish, peanuts, almonds, and dairy products are good sources of tyrosine. It is a vital precursor of the neurotransmitter dopamine and is utilized in creating protein. 
Together, dopamine and serotonin have an effect. Fatigue results when they are out of balance. Tyrosine supplementation aids in keeping the body’s dopamine and serotonin levels balanced. As a result, tiredness is decreased, and performance is improved. [14]

Recommended Dosage: 500-2,000 mg

9. BCAAs
Leucine, isoleucine, and valine make up branch-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Leucine, in particular, is a crucial activator of both protein synthesis and protein degradation. BCAAs can be utilized as fuel for physical activity. Additionally, they will stop the catabolic effects of exercise. After exercise, they boost protein synthesis to facilitate the muscle-rebuilding process. [15]

Recommended Dosage: 6-10 grams

10. Creatine
Creatine Powder
In your muscle cells, creatine and phosphorus combine to form phosphocreatine (PC). When you engage in high-intensity sports like weightlifting or sprinting, this compound, which is rich in energy, nourishes your muscles.
Your body uses phosphocreatine to resynthesize ATP during intense exercise. Performance starts to suffer once these stockpiles are depleted. Your muscles may function at higher rates for longer, thanks to creatine supplementation, which boosts phosphocreatine reserves. An immediate increase in strength will result from this.[17]

Recommended Dosage: 3-5 grams

11. L-Arginine
The amino acid arginine is conditionally essential. Although our bodies can produce arginine, under some circumstances (trauma, illness, stress), the body cannot make enough; hence dietary sources become crucial. 
During exercise, arginine can be converted into glucose for energy. Nitric oxide and creatine synthesis both depend on it. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that arginine increases growth hormone production, a potent stimulator of muscle growth. [16]

Recommended Dosage: 3-6 grams

Summary
Pre-workouts are not a magic potion. Good ones will work to increase your training energy, focus, and endurance by between 10 and 20 percent. This effect should last between one and two hours.
Take your pre-workout just before you head to the gym. Then, while training, sip from your water bottle to remain hydrated. Most importantly, monitor the effectiveness of your pre-workout. If it’s not working, change it up and try another product.
References

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Juszkiewicz A, Glapa A, Basta P, Petriczko E, Żołnowski K, Machaliński B, Trzeciak J, Łuczkowska K, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. The effect of L-theanine supplementation on the immune system of athletes exposed to strenuous physical exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019 Feb 15;16(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12970-019-0274-y. PMID: 30770758; PMCID: PMC6377763.
Lindschinger M, Tatzber F, Schimetta W, Schmid I, Lindschinger B, Cvirn G, Stanger O, Lamont E, Wonisch W. A Randomized Pilot Trial to Evaluate the Bioavailability of Natural versus Synthetic Vitamin B Complexes in Healthy Humans and Their Effects on Homocysteine, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Levels. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 Dec 12;2019:6082613. doi: 10.1155/2019/6082613. PMID: 31915511; PMCID: PMC6930747.
Gareri P, Castagna A, Cotroneo AM, Putignano S, De Sarro G, Bruni AC. The role of citicoline in cognitive impairment: pharmacological characteristics, possible advantages, and doubts for an old drug with new perspectives. Clin Interv Aging. 2015 Sep 3;10:1421-9. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S87886. Erratum in: Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:1625. PMID: 26366063; PMCID: PMC4562749.
Gough LA, Sparks SA, McNaughton LR, Higgins MF, Newbury JW, Trexler E, Faghy MA, Bridge CA. A critical review of citrulline malate supplementation and exercise performance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021 Dec;121(12):3283-3295. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04774-6. Epub 2021 Aug 21. PMID: 34417881; PMCID: PMC8571142.
Jong CJ, Sandal P, Schaffer SW. The Role of Taurine in Mitochondria Health: More Than Just an Antioxidant. Molecules. 2021 Aug 13;26(16):4913. doi: 10.3390/molecules26164913. PMID: 34443494; PMCID: PMC8400259.
Dolan E, Swinton PA, Painelli VS, Stephens Hemingway B, Mazzolani B, Infante Smaira F, Saunders B, Artioli GG, Gualano B. A Systematic Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Oral β-Alanine Supplementation. Adv Nutr. 2019 May 1;10(3):452-463. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy115. PMID: 30980076; PMCID: PMC6520041.
Ipson BR, Fisher AL. Roles of the tyrosine isomers meta-tyrosine and ortho-tyrosine in oxidative stress. Ageing Res Rev. 2016 May;27:93-107. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.005. Epub 2016 Mar 31. PMID: 27039887; PMCID: PMC4841466.
Mann G, Mora S, Madu G, Adegoke OAJ. Branched-chain Amino Acids: Catabolism in Skeletal Muscle and Implications for Muscle and Whole-body Metabolism. Front Physiol. 2021 Jul 20;12:702826. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.702826. PMID: 34354601; PMCID: PMC8329528.
Brunner JS, Vulliard L, Hofmann M, Kieler M, Lercher A, Vogel A, Russier M, Brüggenthies JB, Kerndl M, Saferding V, Niederreiter B, Junza A, Frauenstein A, Scholtysek C, Mikami Y, Klavins K, Krönke G, Bergthaler A, O’Shea JJ, Weichhart T, Meissner F, Smolen JS, Cheng P, Yanes O, Menche J, Murray PJ, Sharif O, Blüml S, Schabbauer G. Environmental arginine controls multinuclear giant cell metabolism and formation. Nat Commun. 2020 Jan 22;11(1):431. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-14285-1. PMID: 31969567; PMCID: PMC6976629.
Kreider RB, Kalman DS, Antonio J, Ziegenfuss TN, Wildman R, Collins R, Candow DG, Kleiner SM, Almada AL, Lopez HL. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017 Jun 13;14:18. doi: 10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z. PMID: 28615996; PMCID: PMC5469049.

Is Intermittent Fasting a Ray of Hope for PCOS? Evidence-Based Answers

Is Intermittent Fasting a Ray of Hope for PCOS? Evidence-Based Answers

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women during their reproductive years. Responsible for various issues such as infertility or subfertility, insulin resistance, obesity, hormonal disorder, and hyperinsulinemia, PCOS exerts enormous mental and physical stress on those with this condition. Amongst the recommended treatments are diabetic and birth control drugs with specified…

Samir Bannout Recalls 1990 Olympia Drug Testing: ‘I Failed the Test’

Samir Bannout Recalls 1990 Olympia Drug Testing: ‘I Failed the Test’

The landscape of bodybuilding has transformed significantly over the last few decades with some major changes in competition. In a recent episode of The Muscle Maturity podcast, former Mr. Olympia Samir Bannout and John Hansen recalled the 1990 Olympia drug testing and the effects it had on the participants. 
Steroids have been a part of bodybuilding since the early days. From legendary competitor Arnold Schwarzenegger to modern mass monster Jay Cutler, synthetic substances have contributed to the success of many bodybuilders. Although it is widely accepted in the community, there have been calls to push back against its rampant use.
Seven-time Mr. Olympia Arnold opened up on the relatively low consumption of steroids during his days of competing on stage. He argued that contemporary athletes use drugs in massive quantities, which in turn, puts their health at risk. It could also lead to an unrealistic perception of a healthy physique, potentially influencing fitness enthusiasts to use steroids as well. Schwarzenegger highlighted the problem of some competitors taking higher amounts of gear to get an advantage over others who may not consume as high of a dose.
Four-time Mr. Olympia Cutler gave his take on the heated topic last May. He admitted he may have abused drugs such as testosterone in prep for shows. He believes steroids are an unavoidable part of the game and dismissed the validity of incorporating drug tests since competitors tend to find a way around it. He recommends cycling on and off substances based on the goal. He prefers taking certain things to bulk up or to lean out.
There have been concerns surrounding the side effects of using steroids. Being one of the few competitors to stay healthy post-retirement, Cutler revealed he didn’t suffer from roid rage and continues to maintain a high level of fitness without many consequences.

Legendary competitor Robby Robinson reflected on his experience with steroids during his nearly three-decade-long career last November. He confessed to not knowing about anabolic steroids before he made it to the Pro League. He was under the assumption other athletes were simply blessed with great genetics and couldn’t fathom the idea of synthetic compounds being involved.
Fitness influencer Liver King drew a lot of criticism after getting exposed for using steroids. While he’s not a pro bodybuilder, the change in his physique after quitting steroids for a week was evident in a physique update earlier this year.
Men’s Open sensation William Bonac suffered damage to his kidneys while getting ready for contests. Since he was using steroid cycles in prep, he couldn’t consume the medicine he needed to reduce the inflammation in his kidneys. Following the 2022 Mr. Olympia, he stopped taking oral steroids while in prep for the 2023 Arnold Classic.
Samir Bannout Recalls 1990 Olympia Drug Testing
In a recent YouTube video, Samir Bannout and John Hansen shared their thoughts on the drug testing policy for the 1990 Mr. Olympia event, where eight-time winner Lee Haney emerged as the champion.

Bannout explained how the delay in test results could lead to a change in title and prize money. He referenced the overturning of Mike Ashley’s win at the 1990 Arnold Classic.
“I was one of the guys that failed the test,” said Bannout. “At the time, a doctor told me to take a short acting testosterone which is actually called masterone. He said it was androgen and this is what I got caught for. Mike actually won the prize, he ended up getting the 50 grand from Shawn Ray. That’s the first year they tested. The results came out a week later.”
Hansen chimed in with his take on why the Weiders felt it necessary to drug test athletes. He also reasoned why the testing was discontinued the next year.
“The Weiders were always worried about the public image of bodybuilding,” said Hansen. “They said the steroid scandal, the general public’s thoughts about steroids is getting worse and worse every year so we need to do something. Ben Weider’s goal was always to get bodybuilding in the Olympics. He knew that it would never get in the Olympics if it had the steroid stigma attached to it.”
“First of all, I think because the tests weren’t really accurate,” he added. “Some guys passed who looked like they were on. Mostly I think it was because the guys who were in the show didn’t look as good at all, not nearly as good. I think they were afraid of losing their audience.”
Kai Greene advised upcoming competitors to focus on building their natural talents and reaching their natural peak before going for steroids. He revealed he competed as a natty for over 15 years and considers TRT (testosterone replacement therapy) a steroid as well.
Retired bodybuilder Zack Khan highlighted the focus on becoming a mass monster last week. He believes social media plays a big role in persuading athletes to use crazy doses of steroids, something he noticed doing the era of eight-time Mr. Olympia Ronnie Coleman.
The prevalence of steroids has proven to be a hot topic in the sport and it appears the debate regarding its use and side effects continues to rage on as Samir Bannout and John Hansen offered their experiences.
You can watch the full video below.

Published: 13 April, 2023 | 12:28 AM EDT

Larry Wheels on Chris Bumstead & Move to Classic Physique: ‘My Coach Said I Can Be Competitive With Just TRT’

Larry Wheels on Chris Bumstead & Move to Classic Physique: ‘My Coach Said I Can Be Competitive With Just TRT’

Powerlifting icon Larry Wheels is a man of many talents with experience in multiple fitness sports, such as strongman, powerlifting, and arm wrestling. In a recent Bradley Martyn’s Raw Talk, Wheels discussed his transition to Classic Physique and how he’d stack up against reigning four-time champ Chris Bumstead.
Larry Wheels is one of the most popular figures in the fitness space, boasting over 4.4 million followers on Instagram. He first gained attention for his muscle-bound physique and crazy strength. Larry has proven himself already as an aspiring bodybuilder. He earned gold in his amateur debut at the NPC Gold Coast Muscle Classic in Feb. 2018.
Wheels redirected his focus after a sudden training mishap. He picked up an injury while preparing for the 2022 Middle East’s Strongest Man contest and decided to quit steroids. Since he had been using performance-enhancing drugs for about a decade, he tapered off slowly and with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). 
Earlier this year, Wheels opened up about the origins of his steroid use. He credited using TRT at the age of 17 instead of delving further into the world of illicit drugs. He revealed TRT helped him pack on over 32 pounds in two months.
After abstaining from steroids, Wheels began tracking his strength. He conducted a powerlifting mock meet to measure his lifts on the squat, bench press, and deadlift. While he did not record his all-time best lifts, he managed to pull off some spectacular lifts.

Larry Wheels teamed up with fitness influencer Lexx Little for a heavy lower-body strength training session. He crushed a massive set of 505-lb (229-kg) squats for a 16-rep AMRAP (as many reps as possible). Then, Wheels pushed Lexx to achieve a new PR on the squat after two years of stalled progress.
The 28-year-old was enlisted to help IFBB Pro Joe Mackey achieve his goal of lifting 1,000 pounds (453.6 kilograms) on the deadlift. Mackey targeted becoming one of the strongest IFBB Pros in history and used Wheels’ expertise to get closer to his goal.
Wheels left the fans stunned with his insane strength two months ago. He smoked past a huge 200-lb dumbbell bench press for three reps. Additionally, he showed off his jacked physique while performing 100-lb hammer curls for reps.
Wheels declared his plan to switch to bodybuilding as a Classic Physique competitor last month. He gave fans a look into his preparations for making the transition and even received help from William Bonac and Andrew Jacked with posing instructions. 
Larry Wheels backed himself to be competitive in Classic Physique, ruled by Chris Bumstead

In a recent YouTube video, Larrry Wheels shared his thoughts on pursuing a run in the Classic Physique division and his chances of challenging four-time Olympia champ Chris Bumstead.
“Classic bodybuilding because since 18, I went on Open bodybuilding stage,” said Wheels. “I was just too small for my height not competitive whatsoever but now that you know CBum really took the division to new heights. The division is more popular than ever and I don’t have to be on even more than TRT to be as big as him right now meaning I can actually be competitive according to my coach.
“From what I can see on just TRT and the absolute bare minimum so without a major compromise to my health like Open bodybuilding being a mass monster or pursuing what records in powerlifting where I can shrink down to 230 which is the cut off for my height on stage, look phenomenal and have content ready.”
Wheels said he felt burned out in powerlifting and expressed his excitement about fulfilling his potential in bodybuilding.
“I believe I can be competitive in Classic but I want to see if I really dedicate myself as I am now the last couple months I’ve been here, the next couple of years, how my physique can transform because training as a powerlifter gave me a very different physique to I was training all this time. I want to see what that looks like. I’m not saying I’m going to be next Mr. Olympia but at the very least I want to get my Pro card, win overalls, and see a transformation within myself. I want to see what it looks like a couple years of bodybuilding.
“Now that I’m focusing on bodybuilding, I just don’t care about putting how many plates, whatever on the bar, I just want to change my physique, so it is not an obsession like it was with powerlifting but the fire is there whereas the power thing I’ve been burned out.”
Larry Wheels provided an insanely ripped physique update while preparing for his Classic Physique debut last month. If his track record is any indication, Wheels will dedicate 100% effort into bringing his best package possible. 
RELATED: Larry Wheels Shares Shocking Physique Comparison Using 175 mg of Testosterone vs 500 mg
You can watch the full video below.

Published: 13 April, 2023 | 12:14 AM EDT

Powerlifter Julius Maddox Cracks 730-lb (331.1-kg) Raw Bench Press With a Long Pause

Powerlifter Julius Maddox Cracks 730-lb (331.1-kg) Raw Bench Press With a Long Pause

The bench press has been and will always be one of the main ways to show off strength, not only among the regular gym-goers, but also among professional athletes. However, there has never been a better bench presser than Julius Maddox and we are lucky to witness his progression live. Julius is currently attempting to become the first person to bench press 800 pounds (362.9 kilograms) in a sanctioned event, a goal he appears to be getting closer to each day. The reason for this is his most recent feat, as Julius bench pressed 730 pounds (331.1 kilograms) in training. However, as was evident in his Instagram post, Julius’ bench had a twist. He completed the rep with an unusually long pause.
Performing the bench press with a pause is not unusual, but doing so with a weight of 730 pounds (331.1 kilograms) is one of the most impressive feats of strength displayed by a human. Julius Maddox even made his pause longer than usual, which also helped him correct the uneven barbell position.
Coming down on the bench, Julius Maddox only equipped himself with a pair of wrist wraps, making his lift raw. The effect of the wrist wraps is also not performance-enhancing, since they just serve to ease the pressure on the joints.
“Bar came off uneven but adjusted with a long pause. I’m back so get your popcorn ready.”
Watch Julius Maddox’s lift here:

Related: Powerlifter Julius Maddox Fails 365-kg (804.8-lb) Raw Bench Press in His Third Official Attempt
Only one person has bench pressed over 800 pounds (362.9 kilograms), but it is only unofficial. Danial Zamani loaded the massive weight during his training session in February of 2022. However, there was no way to confirm if it actually weighed as much as he said. So, it is still unofficial.
On the other hand, Julius Maddox holds the official All-Time World Record of 782.6 pounds (355 kilograms). Julius set this record at the 2021 WRPF Hybrid Showdown III. Ever since then, Julius has been trying to cross the 800-pound (362.9-kilogram) milestone, but has been unsuccessful. He has attempted to lift this weight in three competitions so far, falling short on every occasions.
The closest that Julius Maddox has ever gotten was in May of last year, when he benched 796 pounds (361 kilograms) during his training. He is now back to progressively overloading his bench, and hopes that this time he makes it.
Julius Maddox’s powerlifting career is also fully centered on the bench press, as he has never competed in other events. However, out of the 18 sanctioned events in which he performed the bench press, he managed to rank first in all of them.

Julius Maddox’s Powerlifting Career

Personal Bests

Equip
Squat
Bench
Deadlift
Total
Dots

Raw

782.6

782.6
177.05

Competition Results

Place
Fed
Date
Competition
Division
Total
Dots

1
RPS
2022-06-04

Redcon1 Rage Wars

Pro Open

738.5

167.95

Location

USA-TN

Competition
Redcon1 Rage Wars

Division
Pro Open

Age
35

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
436.5

Bench
738.5
-804.7

738.5

GLP
118.48

1
WRPF
2021-02-20

Hybrid Showdown III

Open

782.6

177.05

Location

USA-FL

Competition
Hybrid Showdown III

Division
Open

Age
33

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
447.5

Bench
727.5
782.6

782.6

GLP
124.73

1
APF
2020-08-13

Nationals

M_SR_APF

705.5

159.24

Location

USA-FL

Competition
Nationals

Division
M_SR_APF

Age
33

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
452.7

Bench
705.5

705.5

GLP
112.1

1
APF
2020-08-13

Nationals

M_OR_APF

705.5

159.24

Location

USA-FL

Competition
Nationals

Division
M_OR_APF

Age
33

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
452.7

Bench
705.5

705.5

GLP
112.1

1
USPA
2020-06-20

Beast of the Bench

Open

722

162.46

Location

USA-IN

Competition
Beast of the Bench

Division
Open

Age
33

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
460.5

Bench
722
-800.3

722

GLP
114.22

1
XPC
2020-03-07

Arnold

Pro

770

174.51

Location

USA-OH

Competition
Arnold

Division
Pro

Age
32

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
443.6

Bench
700
770

770

GLP
123

1
WRPF
2019-11-16

Rob Hall Classic II

Open

744.1

168.53

Location

USA-TX

Competition
Rob Hall Classic II

Division
Open

Age
32

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
444.9

Bench
683.4
744.1

744.1

GLP
118.76

1
USA-UA
2019-08-30

Boss of Bosses 6

Pro Open

739.7

167.18

Location

USA-CA

Competition
Boss of Bosses 6

Division
Pro Open

Age
32

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
449.5

Bench
672.4
739.7

739.7

GLP
117.74

1
SPF
2019-06-22

Texas State Championship

Open

723.1

164.16

Location

USA-TX

Competition
Texas State Championship

Division
Open

Age
32

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
440

Bench
723.1

GLP
115.76

1
SPF
2018-11-10

Slingshot Record Breakers

Open

716.5

162.58

Location

USA-CA

Competition
Slingshot Record Breakers

Division
Open

Age
31

Equipment
Raw

Class
242.5

Weight
441

Bench
716.5
-723.1
-723.1

716.5

GLP
114.63

1
WRPF
2018-08-24

Boss of Bosses V

Pro MR-O

661.4

149.92

Location

USA-CA

Competition
Boss of Bosses V

Division
Pro MR-O

Age
31

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
443.1

Bench
661.4
-723.1
-723.1

661.4

GLP
105.68

1
RPS
2018-02-17

Valentines Day Massacre

Pro Open

705.5

160.95

Location

USA-KY

Competition
Valentines Day Massacre

Division
Pro Open

Age
30

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
430.2

Bench
705.5

GLP
113.63

1
RPS
2017-10-07

Kilo Wars

Pro Open

688.9

157.81

Location

USA-KY

Competition
Kilo Wars

Division
Pro Open

Age
30

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
422.8

Bench
688.9

GLP
111.5

1
APA
2017-07-29

Raw Wars III

Open

661.4

Location

USA-AL

Competition
Raw Wars III

Division
Open

Age
30

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Bench
661.4

1
SPF
2016-12-10

Christmas in Kentucky Classic

Open

635

145.87

Location

USA-KY

Competition
Christmas in Kentucky Classic

Division
Open

Age
29

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
417.8

Bench
635

GLP
103.12

1
SPF
2016-10-01

Nashvilles Main Event

Open

677.9

155.1

Location

USA-TN

Competition
Nashvilles Main Event

Division
Open

Age
29

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
425

Bench
677.9

GLP
109.56

1
SPF
2016-02-06

Evansville Powerlifting Classic

Open

660

151.5

Location

USA

Competition
Evansville Powerlifting Classic

Division
Open

Age
28

Equipment
Raw

Class
308.6

Weight
419

Bench
660

GLP
107.09

1
Hardcore
2015-07-16

Clash of the Titans VIII

Open

644.9

148.45

Location

USA-TX

Competition
Clash of the Titans VIII

Division
Open

Age
28

Equipment
Raw

Class
300.9

Weight
414

Bench
606.3
644.9
-672.4

644.9

GLP
104.99

Data Source: Open Powerlifting. Last Updated: April 12, 2023

Analyze Lifts

Related: Powerlifter Julius Maddox Smokes A 735 lbs (333.4 kg) Raw Bench Press In Training
Julius Maddox’s 730-pound (331.2-kilogram) long pause bench press also looked relatively easy. So, it is crazy to think that he is getting closer to the 800-pound (362.9-kilogram) bench press without showing almost any signs of struggle. Julius will now continue following his program, which might see him put up a historic lift in the near future.
Published: 12 April, 2023 | 5:19 PM EDT

12-yo Ripped Bodybuilder Goes Viral for Dramatic Physique Transformation

12-yo Ripped Bodybuilder Goes Viral for Dramatic Physique Transformation

A Brazilian bodybuilder known as Cauzinho is turning heads with his shredded physique at just 12 years old. In a recent Instagram post, Cauzinho showed off his body transformation in hopes of breaking the myth that children cannot train bodybuilding and powerlifting.  While bodybuilding and powerlifting differ in their end goal, both disciplines offer fantastic…

Average Neck Size For Males and Females

Average Neck Size For Males and Females

Have you ever looked in the mirror and wondered if you have a giraffe-like neck? Don’t worry; you are not alone. Most of us have tried grabbing our necks in our hands. 
Your neck size can affect your overall physique aesthetics. That said, the neck is one of the most overlooked muscles in the body. Consider bodybuilding for a second. Bodybuilders spend countless hours working on their pecs, biceps, quads, and even calves, but they neglect training their necks. Bodybuilding programs rarely feature neck exercises.
Your neck supports your head, protects your spinal cord, and allows you to move your head in all directions.
Combat sports fare better in the neck training department. Boxing and MMA athletes focus on training their necks as it allows them to take punches without getting knocked out. It also reduces the risk of concussions, neck strains, and other traumatic injuries.
Although most people don’t pay much attention to their neck size, it says a lot about them. A thick neck can signal dominance and strength, which can help you stand out in a crowd. Conversely, a small neck is often associated with weakness and vulnerability. 
In this article, we go over the average neck size for males and females, factors affecting your neck size, how to measure your neck size correctly, and health risks associated with your neck size. 
Furthermore, this article will help you determine whether you are a big burly bison or a delicate swan. Okay, enough with the animal analogies; here is everything you need to know about the average neck size for males and females. 
Why You Should Know the Average Neck Size

You could determine your neck size by wrapping a measuring tape around your neck. Doing so will help you find a fitting collared shirt and ensure you don’t suffocate in your new wardrobe. Furthermore, knowing your neck size can help you assess your fitness level as it is linked with your body weight, BMI, waist size, and waist-to-hip ratio. [1]
Besides affecting your physique aesthetics, your neck size also says a lot about your health and fitness. A 2016 study found that your neck size may be a better alternative to waist circumference and other anthropometric measures as a metabolic risk marker for prediabetes. The study concludes that neck circumference can be considered for routine assessment in primary care clinics when using expensive and sophisticated machines is neither easy nor justifiable. Neck circumference measurements can be instrumental among populations such as pregnant women, where taking traditional measures may be challenging or not meaningful. A different study found that men with big necks may be at higher risk of heart disease. [2][3]

What is average neck size for men and women?
The average neck size for men is 15.2 inches (38.7 cm), while for women it is 13.1 inches (33.3 cm), as found in a 2020 study. It’s crucial to note that neck circumference is closely associated with factors such as body weight and BMI, so individual measurements may vary. To accurately measure your neck size, wrap a flexible measuring tape around the base of your neck, just above the collarbone. Knowing your neck size is essential for selecting well-fitting garments like shirts, as well as for monitoring changes in body composition or weight distribution.

Average Neck Size For Males

Your body mass index (BMI) is generally used to see if your neck is average size. BMI is based on your height and weight; it is derived by dividing your weight (in pounds) by the square of your height (in feet). You could use our convenient online calculator to determine your BMI.
Based on your BMI score, you will be categorized accordingly.

Underweight =

Nick Walker: ‘I Should Have Won The Arnold Classic; The 2023 Olympia Will Be Mine’

Nick Walker: ‘I Should Have Won The Arnold Classic; The 2023 Olympia Will Be Mine’

Nick Walker is forging ahead with his bodybuilding season after finishing second to Samson Dauda at the 2023 Arnold Classic. In a recent Think Big Bodybuilding podcast, Walker reasoned why he should have won the Arnold Classic and teased the package he’s bringing to win the Mr. Olympia contest in November. 

“Listen, it’s a very close call. I’m not like mad by any means. They went with who they thought was better and that’s fine. But what they don’t understand is, when I lose, you just lit another fire under my ass,” Walker said. 

At the annual Arnold Sports Festival in Ohio, Samson Dauda, Nick Walker, and Andrew Jacked finished on the podium. However, fans and bodybuilding veterans were quick to take issue with ‘The Nigerian Lion’s’ victory. Former Mr. Olympia Samir Bannout was perplexed by Dauda’s perfect scorecard and guru Chris Aceto questioned the outcome as well. 
Fans complained about the judging online until Walker urged them to keep conversations respectful. While Nick Walker and veteran bodybuilder Jay Cutler thought he could have won, some thought he deserved third, like athletes rep Bob Cicherillo. 

Bob Cicherillo believes Dauda’s demonstration of shape and beauty outweighed the freaky muscle density of Walker on stage. He’s since provided a guide on judging physiques at contests and predicted Dauda and Derek Lunsford to be Hadi Choopan’s biggest threats in November. With Walker’s off-season underway, he is aiming to craft an Olympia-winning physique in the coming months. 
Nick Walker ‘Not Bitter By Any Means,’ Thinks He ‘Should Have Won’ 2023 Arnold Classic
Considering all aspects of a bodybuilding contest, Walker believes he should have won first at the recent Arnold Classic. 
“Listen, I am not bitter by any means so let me just start off with that, but I understand why Samson won, I will say that, I get it. But, I do think I should have won. Simply because there’s many reasons and I think the main one is, I personally believed I improved tremendously on my Olympia package. Yes, I was a lot fuller at the Olympia, sure, but I was harder; I think I was dryer, way leaner and I was still full at the Arnold. Sure, not as full as the Olympia but I was still pretty full.
And I – I don’t want to disrespect Samson but I think Samson improved but I don’t think it was a dramatic improvement for him to beat me. In my opinion, I’m happy for him, I’m happy for him, I love Samson. If anyone did deserve the win other than me, it was him, 100%. One of the nicest guys I ever met, very supportive and everything but this is a competition, you understand? At the end of the day, I think looking at all the aspects, I think I should have won.” 
Walker’s Goal for 2023 Season: “I Just Feel Like The Olympia Will Be Mine” 
Moving forward, Walker plans to improve his conditioning while matching the fullness of his 2022 Olympia physique.

“I know what needs to be done at this point and my goal for the Olympia is to have that same conditioning as the Arnold if not a little more crispier and try and match the fullness of the Olympia. If I’m able to accomplish that…no one can beat me. I don’t think anyone can beat me. Because now it’s like enough growth period right.” 
The 28-year-old remains confident that he will claim the Olympia title. He said he’s motivated and built a great game plan with his coach Matt Jansen. 
“I’m going to have more muscle maturity, I’m only going to get more dense, and as we all know, the older you get the — I just feel like the Olympia will be mine,” said Walker. “Yeah, now that I’ve gotten out of my little depression phase of losing which is normal, don’t judge me, it happens. And now that I have a new training that’s going really well. Me and Matt have a really good game plan that we’re ready to do. I’m back to who I am and I’m motivated for sure.” 
Walker has made it clear his off-season training has changed the Arnold Classic. He implemented a new push, pull, and legs training split in preparation for his next Olympia appearance. Walker also mentioned that he’s training high-volume but not to near failure. 
RELATED: Nick Walker, Quinton Eriya Guest Pose at Inaugural 2023 Pure Muscle Championships
Walker is not letting the second-place finish at the Arnold Classic stall his momentum for Olympia. He hopes to knock Hadi Choopan off the throne when they meet in Orlando, Florida later this year.
Watch the full video below: 

Catch full coverage of the 2023 Arnold Classic, including pre-judging, event recaps, analysis, and final and full results at our Arnold Classic coverage hub: FitnessVolt.com/arnold-classic
Published: 12 April, 2023 | 2:04 PM EDT

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