Muscle Chemistry Archive

Female Steroid Cycles: The Ultimate Guide

Disclaimer: The following article is for educational purposes only and NOT to promote the use of illegal steroids. If you have any questions or concerns, Dr. Touliatos is currently available for consultations.

It is increasingly difficult to find accurate information online regarding anabolic-androgenic steroids; particularly for female use.
This lack of information is concerning, with it leading to women (unknowingly) taking mega doses of dangerous compounds.
This article details steroid cycles that are not only tailored for women but most importantly are optimized for harm reduction.
Anabolic steroids have the power to compromise characteristics relating to a person’s gender. For men, testicular atrophy is possible, as well as gynecomastia (man boobs). For women, virilization effects can occur, causing any of the following:

Breast atrophy (reduction)
Clitoral enlargement
Alopecia (hair loss on the scalp)
Hair growth (on the body)
Laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

Thus, the ideal steroid cycle for females enhances their body, but without compromising their feminine characteristics.
Note: This article is not for competitive female bodybuilders, who may be happy to experience masculinization as a sacrifice for enhanced results. Instead, this is a guide to prevent virilization, thus relevant to most females who want to retain their femininity.

Anavar Cycle (For Females)

Anavar (Oxandrolone) was formulated for medicinal purposes, successfully treating chronic catabolic illnesses, such as HIV, infection, burn injuries and hepatitis.
It has also been prescribed to osteoporosis patients, helping to reduce pain by increasing bone density via the stimulation of bone formation.
Anavar is the most popular anabolic steroid among women, due to few cases of virilization.
Consequently, Anavar has been nicknamed the ‘girl steroid’ by the bodybuilding community; albeit still remaining popular among male bodybuilders.
Anavar dramatically increases protein synthesis, nitrogen retention and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) levels; causing significant improvements in muscle hypertrophy (size) and strength.
Anavar also increases T3 (triiodothyronine) levels (1), whilst improving insulin sensitivity, leading to a reduction in subcutaneous and visceral fat. Thus, females can take advantage of a simultaneous muscle-building and fat-burning effect.
Note: Virilization effects can still occur in women if taking high dosages of Anavar ( >10mg/day) or prolonged cycles ( >5 weeks).
Anavar Cycle Before and After

These results are typical of a first Anavar cycle in females, causing significant fat loss and moderate increases in muscle mass (that is reflected in the user’s 2kg weight gain, despite lowering her body fat percentage).

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Anavar Side Effects
Anavar is an oral c17 alpha alkylated steroid, enabling maximum bioavailability upon administration. The liver and kidneys process Oxandrolone before its entry into the bloodstream, causing some hepatic stress, demonstrated via the elevation of AST and ALT liver enzymes.
However, Anavar’s liver toxicity is relatively mild compared to other oral steroids, such as Anadrol, Dianabol or Superdrol.
The liver is a particularly resilient organ, typically able to manage high amounts of oxidative damage before failing.
This vital organ also displays impressive self-healing properties, when hepatotoxic medications or steroids are withdrawn.
Thus, females are often not put off by hepatic side effects associated with Anavar, although some health-conscious users may take a liver support supplement such as TUDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid) for maximum protection.
Anavar causes reductions in HDL cholesterol, potentially causing hypertension (high blood pressure) and increasing the risk of arteriosclerosis. However, Anavar produces relatively mild cardiovascular strain compared to other anabolic steroids.
Users may also perform regular cardiovascular exercise, in combination with weight training, to keep blood pressure levels down. Supplementing with fish oil may also help to reduce such strain, by lowering triglycerides. Dosages of 4g/day have successfully treated coronary artery disease and reduced incidents of sudden cardiac death (2).
Anavar will also cause a decline in endogenous (natural) testosterone levels, causing females to experience: lower energy levels, decreased fertility, diminished libido and less overall well-being post-cycle.
Such side effects may prolong for several weeks or months until endogenous (natural) testosterone levels recover. Females typically only have 5-10% of testosterone compared to males; however, it remains an important hormone for confidence, energy, motivation and sexual desire/satisfaction.
Anadrol Cycle (For Females)
Anadrol (Oxymetholone) was originally formulated to treat anemia, HIV, osteoporosis, among other catabolic conditions in medicine.
However, now Anadrol is classed as a bulking steroid and a powerful mass-builder when utilized in bodybuilding dosages.
Many people assume Anadrol will cause virilization in females because it produces strong androgenic effects in males.
However, in practice, Anadrol is surprisingly well-tolerated by women; with research suggesting it is safer than Anavar for inhibiting masculinization (3).
In studies, women have taken mega doses of Anadrol (150mg/day for 30 weeks) without experiencing any symptoms of virilization.
To put this dosage into perspective, advanced male steroid users typically take 50-100mg/day for 8 weeks.
One reason why Anadrol produces few cases of masculinization may be attributed to it not binding to SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin) receptors.
High levels of SHBG are an unfavorable hormonal environment for women, freeing up more active testosterone and increasing the chances of virilization occurring.
Bill Roberts, Ph.D., has further anecdotal evidence of Anadrol being female-friendly, saying:
“5mg of anavar is roughly the equivalent of 25mg of anadrol for risk of virilization”.
Women often take 5-10mg of Anavar with no issues; however, 25mg of Anadrol is (surprisingly) considered an excessive dose for women; but in fact, is safe in maintaining femininity.

Anadrol will add significantly more lean muscle tissue than Anavar (Oxandrolone); however, Anadrol’s fat-burning effects may not be as pronounced; due to Anavar’s positive effects on insulin sensitivity and T3 (triiodothyronine).
Anadrol Side Effects
Hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy (enlargement of the heart) are concerns when taking Anadrol.
Anadrol’s cardiovascular toxicity may be attributed to high dosages of the compound administered to produce exceptional anabolism (being 50-1oomg/day).
High dosages of any oral steroid will cause substantial fluctuations in HDL/LDL cholesterol, via the stimulation of hepatic lipase; an enzyme that has a detrimental effect on cholesterol.
Furthermore, Anadrol is a DHT-derivative, thus it does not aromatize. However, it is highly estrogenic, directly stimulating the estrogen receptors. This can cause vast amounts of water retention, especially when users’ diets contain adequate amounts of sodium.
This additional fluid increases blood viscosity, resulting in the heart having to pump harder, causing a rise in blood pressure/restricted blood flow.
Anadrol is one of the most hepatotoxic steroids, causing notable rises in ALT/AST enzymes (markers of liver stress).
Some Anadrol users have reported suffering from peliosis hepatis, a vascular condition where blood-filled cavities randomly distribute within the liver parenchyma.
Dr. Thomas O’Connor has also observed several patients develop cirrhosis of the liver from long-term Anadrol use.
Significant testosterone suppression on Anadrol is certain, prompting some female users to implement a PCT containing DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) to help enhance low energy levels, confidence and mental well-being post-cycle.
Winstrol Cycle (For Females)
Winstrol (stanozolol) was developed by Winthrop Labs in 1962 to treat weak and debilitated patients, in chronic catabolic states, losing weight at a rapid pace.
Winstrol was successful in its treatment, due to its appetite-stimulating properties and high anabolism.
It was also used to treat aplastic anemia, a condition where the body stops producing red blood cells.
Winstrol, like other anabolic steroids, has a stimulating effect in the production of new red blood cells; thus acting as an erythrocytosis agent.
It has also been used to treat venous insufficiency, displaying potent rejuvenating properties, significantly accelerating the healing of venous ulcers.
Winstrol is one of the most popular steroids in bodybuilding, behind Dianabol and Anavar, and is utilized as an anti-catabolic agent during cutting cycles; enhancing fat burning and increasing lean muscle tissue.
It is somewhat similar to Anavar in terms of its effects; however, it is regarded as a stronger drug; thus results and side effects can be more pronounced.
Winstrol is not generally recommended for females, as they can be prone to virilization effects on this drug. However, in small and cautious dosages, females can experience high-quality results with minimal adverse effects.
Winstrol, like Anavar, does not aromatize, making it a suitable steroid for females coveting a tight, dry and vascular physique; with minimal amounts of fluid retention. For this reason, the below steroid cycle is often utilized by females preparing for a competition, in a bid to display maximum muscle definition.

Dosages above 5mg are likely to cause complications for women looking to avoid masculine characteristics.
Winstrol Side Effects
Winstrol, like Anadrol, is a very hepatotoxic steroid; with the oral version being a popular form of administration.
Users may take TUDCA to minimize hepatic stress and inflammation during a cycle. Alcohol should also be avoided to prevent AST and ALT enzymes from rising to excessively high levels.
Note: Females with compromised liver function should avoid Winstrol, or any other toxic oral steroids.
LDL/HDL cholesterol levels will also shift in the wrong direction, increasing the risk of hypertension and heart disease. Estrogen can help to inhibit sharp rises in blood pressure, by increasing HDL levels; however, Winstrol does not aromatize, causing high levels of cardiovascular strain.
Endogenous testosterone levels will decline substantially, causing a mental and physiological crash post-cycle. Women susceptible to low energy levels and decreased mood post-cycle may benefit from administering a PCT after Winstrol.
Winstrol generally should be avoided by women; however, if a female has already cycled Anavar and wants to take their physique to the next level; small dosages of Winstrol can facilitate new muscle tissue and additional lipolysis (fat loss).

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Primobolan Cycle (For Females)
Primobolan (Methenolone) was first described in 1960 and was utilized in medicine to counteract the catabolic effects of long-term corticosteroid use.
Some adverse effects of corticosteroids are muscle loss, fatigue and water retention (including moon face).
Primobolan helped these patients shift from a cachectic state into an anabolic one. It also eliminated water retention, due to Primobolan not aromatizing into estrogen (being a dihydrotestosterone-based steroid).
Primobolan (Methenolone) is one of the best steroid cycles for females due to its mild nature, producing few side effects; yet noteworthy changes in body composition.
Females can expect moderate increases in lean muscle tissue and a reduction in fat mass, due to enhanced protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in the muscle cells.
Primobolan Acetate is the oral version and Enanthate the intramuscular injection.
(Primobolan Enanthate is also referred to as Primo Depot or Nibal Injection).
It is not as potent as Anadrol or Winstrol, yet it remains an FDA-approved drug in medicine; which indicates its safety among men, women and children.
Dr. Thomas O’Connor states that Primobolan affects women differently, with some being very pleased with its effects (even when utilized in stacks alongside Anavar). However, other women may notice voice changes even on lower dosages.

Primobolan Side Effects
Primobolan is one of the safest steroids men or women can use, however it is not free from side effects.
Injectable Primobolan (Enanthate) is not hepatotoxic. Oral Primobolan (Acetate) poses only mild hepatic effects and is considered low risk to the liver.
However, death via liver cirrhosis is possible if Primobolan is taken in high dosages, for excessive periods or given to debilitating people.
One 75-year-old man passed away after taking oral Primobolan (Acetate) to treat aplastic anemia (4). Doctors found marked elevations of transaminases, with the steroid believed to be the causative agent.
Mild adverse fluctuations in HDL/LDL cholesterol levels will occur on Primobolan, likely to fall in a similar range to Anavar.
Testosterone suppression will occur; however, post-cycle recovery is likely to be short, with this drug failing to completely shut down this male hormone.
FAQs
Can Women Take Clenbuterol?
Women often take Clenbuterol when cutting, to elevate their metabolism and enhance fat burning, through the process of thermogenesis. Clenbuterol is not a steroid, but instead a bronchodilator, meaning it does not affect hormones in the same way as AAS.
Thus, women can take Clenbuterol without worrying about virilization effects occurring. However, Clenbuterol does have toxic cardiac effects, capable of causing hypertension (high blood pressure) or chronic atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat).
Anxiety and depression are also possible side effects of Clenbuterol, due to it arousing the CNS (central nervous system). Clenbuterol stimulates the adrenal gland, causing epinephrine (adrenaline) levels to surge and users to be more susceptible to jitters or shakes.
Clenbuterol will not replicate the same muscle-building effects of anabolic steroids, as it is not exogenous testosterone. However, there is evidence to suggest it has anti-catabolic effects in humans, therefore enabling women to retain muscular size and strength when in a caloric deficit.
Clenbuterol Cycle

What is an Effective PCT (Post Cycle Therapy for Women)?
DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) is a medication commonly prescribed to women suffering from hypoandrogenism (low testosterone).
25mg/50mg of DHEA, taken every day for 4 weeks is likely to accelerate the recovery of low testosterone levels in females.
However, a PCT may not be essential if a woman is left untroubled by side effects following a cycle.
What is the Most Female-Friendly Stack?
Stacking multiple steroids together can enhance results, promoting further lean muscle and fat-burning.
However, stacking also increases the risk of side effects, particularly virilization.
Thus, the two mildest steroids would be the safest stack i.e. Anavar and Primobolan.
Anadrol stacked with another steroid may leave a woman unscathed in regards to masculinization; however, testosterone suppression, liver strain and blood pressure are likely issues.
What Are the Best Muscle-Building Steroids for Women?
Anadrol and Winstrol are the most potent anabolic (muscle building) compounds for women, mentioned in this article. Other anabolic steroids may also cause exceptional levels of muscle hypertrophy, such as Trenbolone or Testosterone; however, they are not suitable for women looking to maintain their womanhood.

Deca Durabolin (Nandrolone): The Ultimate Guide

Disclaimer: The following article is for educational purposes only and NOT to promote the use of illegal steroids. If you have any questions or concerns, Dr. Touliatos is currently available for consultations.

Deca Durabolin (Nandrolone Decanoate) is an injectable anabolic steroid, typically utilized by bodybuilders in the off-season for mass building.
Deca Durabolin was first described in 1960 with pharmaceutical giant, Organon, bringing it to market 2 years later.
Deca Durabolin was Organon’s second formulated nandrolone ester, following Nandrolone Phenylpropionate (NPP).
Deca Durabolin was initially synthesized to treat patients suffering from cachexia (muscle wasting).
It is one of the only anabolic steroids still prescribed today, effectively treating HIV/AIDS and anemia patients, thanks to its anabolic and erythrocytosis properties.
By the 1970s Deca Durabolin had become one of the most popular anabolic steroids in the world (which remains the case today). It was known to be cycled by top bodybuilders during the golden era (such as Arnold Schwarzenegger), commonly being stacked alongside Dianabol during bulking cycles.

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Deca Durabolin Benefits
Muscular Size and Strength
Deca Durabolin promotes muscular hypertrophy (size) and strength, causing significant changes in body composition after several weeks of use.
Deca Durabolin promotes lean mass, due to it stimulating protein synthesis and creating a positive nitrogen balance inside the muscle cells.
It is not as potent as other bulking AAS (anabolic-androgenic steroids), such as Anadrol, Dianabol, Superdrol or Trenbolone.
However, some bodybuilders prefer Deca Durabolin over such steroids, due to its safety profile.
Well Tolerated
It is an FDA-approved medicine, which is indicative of its low-risk level. It has been successfully prescribed to women for breast cancer treatment (1) and children suffering from dwarfism (2); without notable adverse effects.
Deca Durabolin also increases collagen synthesis, improving the health of ligaments and tendons. This is particularly beneficial to bodybuilders and powerlifters regularly lifting heavy weights and thus being more prone to injury.
Joint Anti-Inflammatory
Deca Durabolin also promotes fluid retention, that aids in lubricating the joints. This can help to minimize, alleviate or prevent joint pain in bodybuilders who have lifted weights for many years.
In one study, Deca Durabolin was given to 18 men experiencing joint pain. Following treatment, 72% reported a reduction in pain and 28% required less painkiller medication (3), demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory effects of the steroid.
No Hepatotoxic Effects
Many steroids, particularly orals, can exhibit toxic effects on the liver.
If abused, such AAS can cause peliosis hepatis (blood-filled cysts) or cirrhosis (failure) of the liver.
However, Deca Durabolin is an injectable steroid that bypasses the liver, causing little to no hepatic strain.
Long Esters
Deca Durabolin is a slow-acting steroid, containing long esters, hence why cycles typically last up to 12 weeks.
This can be disadvantageous to some bodybuilders looking for rapid results, but for others who want serum testosterone levels to remain steady in the bloodstream (to minimize side effects); this is largely beneficial.
Furthermore, when Deca Durabolin is stacked with other steroids, it enables users to continue experiencing results in the latter stages of a cycle. In comparison, other AAS can peak early or cause more side effects than benefits towards the end of a cycle, due to high levels of toxicity.
Deca Durabolin Side Effects
Cholesterol
Deca Durabolin will cause mild alterations in LDL/HDL cholesterol scores, provoking elevations in blood pressure. However, the risks of developing heart disease are relatively low on Deca Durabolin, with such cardiac effects being mild.
All anabolic steroids will have a negative effect on blood lipids, as they are all essentially forms of exogenous testosterone. However, Deca Durabolin is among the most cardiovascular-friendly steroids available (alongside Testosterone).
Deca Dick
Deca Durabolin is infamous for its sexual side effects, including a decrease in sexual desire and performance; often leading to erectile dysfunction (Deca dick).
The reason why men may struggle to get an erection on Deca Durabolin is due to its deficiency in androgenicity. Androgenic steroids facilitate nitric oxide production, which is crucial in the role of supplying blood flow to the penis. Thus, Deca Durabolin may compromise circulation in this regard.
Also, Deca Durabolin raises prolactin levels, a lactating hormone, that can decrease arousal or sexual interest.
This combination of low nitric oxide levels and high prolactin is often a recipe for disaster in the bedroom.
However, bodybuilders often combat this by stacking Deca Durabolin with an androgenic steroid, ensuring that N.O levels stay high. Examples of such androgenic compounds are Testosterone, Anadrol and Trenbolone.
Bodybuilders may also supplement with cabergoline (when taking Deca), due to its prolactin-lowering effects, caused by it strongly binding to dopamine receptors.
Low Testosterone
Low testosterone levels will occur on Deca Durabolin, with it being a highly suppressive anabolic steroid.
Thus, a PCT involving Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) or Clomiphene (Clomid) may be administered to help stimulate endogenous testosterone production, following discontinuation of the drug.
Estrogen and Progesterone
Deca Durabolin has low estrogenic properties, with just a 20% aromatization rate of testosterone. However, Deca Durabolin users can often experience estrogen-like side effects; due to it significantly increasing progesterone.
Progesterone is a female sex hormone (like estrogen) that has a stimulating effect on breast tissue in the mammary glands, potentially causing gynecomastia.
Interestingly, anti-estrogens (such as anastrozole) are effective inhibitors of progesterone receptor expression and thus reduce the risk of gynecomastia in men (4).

Legal Steroid Alternatives That Work

“There is evidence, if you could use these (steroid alternatives) they would be much better than using anabolic steroids”.
Several of the herbs and amino acids, mentioned by Dr. Thomas O’Connor, are present in Crazy Bulk’s legal steroid alternatives.
CB’s products are backed with clinical research and are safe for men and women to use. You can view their product range (and receive 20% off) by clicking the link below.

Deca Durabolin Cycles
Deca Durabolin-Only Cycle
Deca Durabolin is predominantly used for bulking purposes; however, due to it only building moderate amounts of lean muscle (by bodybuilding standards), it is often cycled with other, more potent AAS.
Generally stacking steroids together leads to an increase in side effects, such as further elevations in cholesterol. However, in Deca Durabolin’s case, stacking may help to prevent some of its negative effects regarding sexual health.
Thus, Deca Durabolin-only cycles are seldom among bodybuilders, in a bid to keep androgen levels high, mitigating the risk of erectile dysfunction on-cycle.
However, if a bodybuilder were to utilize a Deca Durabolin-only cycle, these are the typical dosages they would use (below):

Deca Durabolin and Dianabol Cycle
Dianabol (Methandrostenolone) is one of the most popular steroids available, due to its exceptional mass-building effects.
Dianabol сompliments Deca Durabolin during a bulking cycle, with Deca Durabolin amplifying the anabolic nature of Dianabol, enhancing muscle hypertrophy (size) and strength.
Dianabol’s two main adverse effects are hypertension and liver toxicity. Thus, by stacking Dianabol with Deca Durabolin, users will not be aggravating these two symptoms; with Deca being an injectable and only having mild effects on blood lipids.

This steroid cycle is taken by experienced steroid users, who already have a Testosterone cycle under their belt and have built up some tolerance to anabolic steroids.
This stack has the power to add 30-40lbs of weight gain to a user, accompanied by 50-70lbs of increased strength on compound lifts.
Some of the weight gained will be in the form of water, thus bloating and water retention are likely; with Dianabol having the aromatase enzyme active.
This cycle has the potential to cause gynecomastia from high levels of progesterone (Deca Durabolin) and estrogen (Dianabol). Thus, an AI (anti-aromatase inhibitor) can be utilized to combat the conversion of testosterone to estrogen, albeit at the expense of exacerbating blood pressure.
This cycle was perhaps the most common duo used in the golden era by the great, classic bodybuilders. Such a cycle produced exceptional levels of mass, without androgenic effects; enabling users to keep their hair intact and prevent male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia).
Deca Durabolin and Anadrol Cycle
Anadrol (oxymetholone) is a similar compound to Dianabol, being an oral steroid that possesses immense muscle-building and strength-enhancing effects.
The main benefit of stacking Anadrol with Deca Durabolin, is due to its androgenicity.
Anadrol can help to alleviate impotence associated with Deca Durabolin, due to higher nitric oxide production; improving blood flow to the penis.

The above cycle is suitable for advanced steroid users only, due to Anadrol’s harsh effects on the body; particularly cardiovascular and hepatic strain.
Anadrol ran by itself has the power to cause hypertension, due to its high mg dosage of 50-100mg per day. It also negatively affects hepatic lipase, an enzyme that can significantly reduce HDL cholesterol levels.
Increased risks of gynecomastia are of concern when taking the above cycle, due to Deca Durabolin increasing progesterone and Anadrol increasing estrogen levels.
An AI (aromatase inhibitor) will be ineffective for treating Anadrol’s estrogenic effects, as it does not aromatize, but instead directly stimulates the estrogen receptors.
SERMs such as Clomid or Nolvadex can inhibit estrogen activity from a receptor level, thus preventing gynecomastia from Anadrol. However, these SERMs can also increase progesterone (5), thus increasing nandrolone-induced gynecomastia.
Some steroid-users may try and prevent gynecomastia when running this cycle, by administering an aromatase inhibitor (AI) to lower progesterone (not estrogen); however, this can exacerbate cardiovascular strain due to lower levels of estrogen. Furthermore, Anadrol-induced gynecomastia remains a concern even when running an AI.
Testosterone suppression will be extreme post-cycle with this stack, requiring an aggressive PCT.
Dr. Michael Scally, an expert in hormone replacement therapy, has experienced extensive success implementing a trio of medications; accelerating the recovery of anabolic androgenic steroid-induced hypogonadism (ASIH).
These are:

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Clomiphene (clomid)
Tamoxifen (nolvadex)

When these three medications were given to 19 men with shut down endogenous testosterone levels; after 45 days, 100% of them had normal serum testosterone readings.
Deca Durabolin and Testosterone Cycle
Testosterone is another potent anabolic steroid, typically taken to add large amounts of muscular hypertrophy (size) and strength in the off-season
However, testosterone can also be utilized as a cutting steroid, due to its strong androgenic properties having a stimulatory effect on lipolysis; resulting in decreased adipose tissue (enhanced fat loss).
Testosterone is regarded as one of the safest anabolic steroids, being FDA approved and prescribed to many men worldwide for the treatment of TRT (testosterone replacement therapy).
Testosterone and Deca Durabolin can be regarded as one of the mildest stacks a bodybuilder can utilize, in regards to side effects.
However, it remains a potent duo for enhancing body composition, with users experiencing 30 plus pounds of muscle gain and amazing improvements in strength.

This bulking cycle does not present a massive risk for hypertension; however, cholesterol changes are to be expected; causing mild increases in blood pressure. Deca Durabolin and Testosterone are two of the most cardiovascular-friendly steroids available.
Testosterone compliments Deca Durabolin exceptionally well, due to Testosterone’s androgenic nature reducing the sexual side effects of Deca Durabolin. However, unlike Anadrol, Testosterone does this without compromising health in other aspects (such as the liver).
This cycle is also better suited to someone trying to prevent gynecomastia, as an aromatase inhibitor (AI) can be taken, synergistically lowering estrogen and progesterone levels.
Anastrozole and letrozole are two popular AI medications taken by bodybuilders today.
Endogenous testosterone levels will decrease dramatically, requiring a PCT and some users experiencing: hair thinning, recession, or loss on the scalp due to testosterone raising DHT (dihydrotestosterone). This cycle is less hair-friendly compared to the Deca Durabolin/Dianabol stack.
Deca Durabolin Results (Before and After Pictures)

This user displays amazing improvements in muscle hypertrophy and thickness after completing a Deca Durabolin/Anadrol cycle.
In the before picture he had previously taken SARMs (selective androgen receptor modulators), therefore this wasn’t his first PED cycle.
This before and after transformation is typical of someone stacking Deca Durabolin with another powerful bulking steroid. Stretch marks can be seen on his right deltoid in the after photo, indicating the rapid anabolic effects of Anadrol/Deca.
Note: Deca-only cycles are unlikely to add this level of mass, with 20lbs of muscle being the more likely outcome (rather than 30-40lbs).
Deca Durabolin For Women
Deca Durabolin is sometimes taken by women when trying to bulk up and gain lean muscle tissue.
Although Deca Durabolin may not be the most optimal steroid for women (with Anavar being a more popular compound), research suggests Deca Durabolin is relatively safe from a virilization perspective.
Studies indicate that Deca Durabolin is generally well-tolerated by women when taken in dosages of 100mg (6), administered every other week for 12 weeks (thus translating as 50mg/week).
However, studies also suggest that Deca Durabolin is capable of causing masculinization in women, even in very small dosages, when taken long-term.
Such adverse effects occurred on a dose of 50mg, administered every 2-3 weeks. This translates as a dose of 13-25mg per week (7). Thus, if women were to take Deca Durabolin it would be wise to keep cycles short (preferably 8 weeks or less).
Deca Durabolin Cycle for Women

Note: Anadrol would be a more suitable bulking steroid for women, in terms of preventing virilization; with mega-doses failing to produce virilization, even when taken for excessive periods of time (8).
Anadrol also is a fast-acting compound that clears out of the body quickly, whereas Deca Durabolin is slow-acting with a half-life of 6 days; thus making it riskier for women who begin to experience masculinization symptoms. This is because even if they stop taking Deca Durabolin, it will remain in their system for up to 12 days.
FAQs
Deca Durabolin vs EQ (Equipoise)
Equipoise (Boldenone Undecylenate) is an injectable veterinary steroid, commonly given to horses to increase lean body weight.
EQ is a modified form of testosterone, like Deca Durabolin, with a double bond being introduced between carbons 1 and 2.
Bodybuilders often take equipoise as an alternative to Deca Durabolin, being a slightly more powerful and androgenic compound.
Equipoise is believed to be more estrogenic than Deca Durabolin, with EQ displaying 50% (half) of the estrogenic effects of Testosterone and Deca Durabolin just 20%.
The general consensus is: if EQ replaced Deca Durabolin in various steroid cycles, the end result would be very similar.
Trenbolone vs Deca Durabolin
Trenbolone and Deca Durabolin are both injectable bulking steroids, yet are very different in their pharmacology and effects.
Trenbolone is more anabolic than Deca Durabolin, reflected in its anabolic rating of 500 vs Deca Durabolin’s 125.
Thus, trenbolone will add more lean muscle than Deca Durabolin, however weight gain at the end of a cycle may be similar; due to Deca causing fluid retention and trenbolone enhancing fat loss.
Trenbolone is considered one of the most potent and harshest AAS, whereas Deca Durabolin is mild and FDA-approved (in medicine).
Trenbolone will cause considerably more cardiac hypertrophy (enlargement of the heart) and increase the risk of atherosclerotic plaque.
Trenbolone also is very androgenic and Deca Durabolin is not, thus hair recession/loss on the scalp, acne vulgaris and prostate enlargement are common with trenbolone (but rare with Deca Durabolin).
Thus, trenbolone will have a more dramatic effect on body composition; however, it will also come with more severe side effects, specifically — hypertension.
Summary: Deca Durabolin Pros and Cons
Pros:

Mild side effects
Effective mass-builder
High tolerance among women (during short-term use)
Promotes joint health

Cons:

Impotence
Delivery via injection (inconvenient for some users)
Suppressive to endogenous testosterone

Top 15 Signs of Steroid-Use (Science-Based)

Many are curious whether certain friends, family members or spouses are taking anabolic-androgenic steroids. However, due to legality issues, health concerns and social stigmas; many steroid-users do not want to disclose such details (even to loved ones).
However, they may not need them to admit to such, with there being numerous signs of steroid-use, that are observable from a person’s behaviour and appearance.
In this guide we reveal the top 15 ways to spot a steroid user, thus if someone ticks several of the boxes on this list, the chances are they are either: taking steroids, or have done so during their lifetime.
Note: this list does not guarantee 100% accuracy, which is only possible through random testing. 

15 Signs of Steroid-Use
1. Flushed Skin
Anabolic steroids cause LDL cholesterol levels to rise and HDL levels to plummet, causing hypertension to different degrees (depending on the compounds used).
One symptom of raised blood pressure is an increase in core body temperature.
When a person’s temperature rises, their skin can look flushed or take on a pink appearance.
This is a sign that someone is currently administering anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) on a cycle.
It is important to understand that some people naturally have a flushed appearance to their skin; however, if someone’s complexion has been altered; this can point to steroid use.
Note: There are other drugs and medications that can elevate systolic blood pressure, causing similar flushing, such as pre-workout supplements or stimulant-based fat burners.
2. Sudden Changes in Body Composition
If someone has suddenly blown up and gained 30lbs of muscle mass in the last few weeks, this is indicative of steroid use (particularly the use of bulking compounds).
Building muscle naturally is a very slow endeavor, that takes many years of hard work and discipline, in regards to training and nutrition.
If someone has built large amounts of muscle, whilst simultaneously getting leaner, this also indicates anabolic assistance.
This is because it is very difficult for natural bodybuilders to add muscle and burn fat simultaneously, due to a calorie surplus often needed to gain weight and a calorie deficit needed to lose weight.
Thus, you cannot be in a caloric surplus and deficit synchronously, which is why bodybuilders have two separate phases, known as bulking and cutting.
However, anabolic steroids, such as Anavar, Trenbolone, Testosterone or Winstrol, can make it very possible to add muscle and strip away fat concurrently.
However, it is important to note that when a person first starts lifting weights, it is normal for them to build significant amounts of muscle (20-30lbs), whilst simultaneously burning fat stores, as their body responds to this new stimulus.
Dramatic results among novice weight lifers are known as ‘newbie gains’ and mostly occur during the first couple of months of regular training.
If someone suddenly gains 20-30lbs of muscle but has been lifting weights for an extensive period of time; this is a sign of an enhanced athlete.
The most effective way to know if someone is taking steroids is to observe their ‘gains timeline’.
This involves compiling several pictures of the person throughout their life, to see when certain growth spurts occurred.
If someone experienced dramatic results when they first started lifting, plateaued afterward, then had another conspicuous growth spurt five years later; this points to steroid use.
However, if someone was exceptionally muscular during puberty, then started lifting weights and gained 20 pounds of muscle; then remaining (approximately) the same size afterward. This is indicative of strong genetic structure and not anabolic steroid use.
3. Roid Rage
Anabolic steroids increase serum testosterone levels to exceptionally high levels (exogenously).
Consequently, aggression is likely to increase, resulting in bursts of anger in some individuals.
The degree of anger is likely to depend on the person, however most steroid-users will notice themselves becoming less patient and more irritable with the people around them.
Unfortunately, this side effect may lead to hypomania or manic episodes, negatively affecting spouses.
One study even found that steroid-users were twice as likely to commit a weapon-related crime (1).
4. Disproportionate Muscle Groups
Research suggests that steroid-users who participate in weight training build significantly more hypertrophy (size) and strength, compared to steroid-users who are sedentary (2).
Therefore, if someone were to take steroids and not train certain muscles (such as their quadriceps); this could result in a more disproportionate body; compared to a natural weight lifter training in the same fashion.
In short, steroids cause extreme hypertrophy in trained muscle cells. Therefore, it is easier to become disproportionate, if certain muscle groups don’t receive the same level of volume as others.
Note: Disproportionately sized muscles can occur in natural athletes; however, the potential for unevenness is considerably greater when utilizing anabolic-androgenic steroids.
5. Hair Loss (Male Pattern Baldness)
Steroid use often damages hair follicles on the scalp, resulting in genetically sensitive individuals experiencing MPB (male pattern baldness) or alopecia.
This side effect is particularly common in highly androgenic steroids, such as Trenbolone, Anadrol and Testosterone.
High levels of androgens in the body, significantly elevate DHT (dihydrotestosterone) levels, causing hair follicle shrinkage. This can lead to thinning, recession or loss of hair on the scalp, whilst thickening and accelerating hair growth on the body.
Note: This side effect is largely influenced by a person’s genetics, thus a person could take steroids and not notice much hair loss (especially if androgenic steroids are avoided). However, on average, steroids will expedite the hair loss process for many individuals, causing increased recession or thinning.
6. Exceptional Deltoid/Trapezius Development
The deltoids (shoulders) and trapezius muscles often experience the most growth when taking anabolic steroids.
This is because a higher number of androgen receptors are found in these muscles, causing them to be more susceptible to increased hypertrophy (size), when under the influence of androgenic compounds.
3D boulder shoulders and cobra-looking traps are often unattainable for a natural bodybuilder.
However, someone may be taking anabolic steroids and not have exceptionally well-developed deltoids or trapezius muscles; due to the specific compounds used.
For example, Arnold Schwarzenegger never displayed colossal hypertrophy in the deltoid/trapezius region; however, he was known to be taking less androgenic steroids, such as Dianabol (Methandrostenolone) and Deca Durabolin (Nandrolone).
The only logical explanation for why a natural bodybuilder would have excessively large deltoids/trapezius muscles is if their training reflected high volume for such muscles groups, in comparison to the rest of their body. 
7. Acne
Acne vulgaris or seborrhea (oily skin) can be visual signs of steroid use and are particularly common when androgenic compounds are used (examples: Trenbolone, Testosterone, Anadrol).
Potent AAS can cause overactive sebaceous glands, stimulating excessive levels of sebum.
Sebum is a waxy matter, that in standard amounts acts as a healthy moisturizer to the hair and skin.
However, over secretion can result in blocked pores. In extreme cases, this can lead to cystic acne, where cysts the size of golf balls may form underneath the skin.
This side effect is more linked to genetics; however, if someone is known to have oily skin, this is likely to worsen when taking steroids. 
8. Difficulty Urinating
Androgenic steroids can cause benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlargement of the prostate gland).
This can lead to blocked urinary flow, making it more difficult for men to empty their bladder.
This side effect is what inspired Dr. John Bosley Ziegler to design a compound that would be more anabolic than Testosterone, yet less androgenic; as it was known that Soviet athletes were using catheters (consequent of their Testosterone use).
Dr. Ziegler succeeded in his mission, formulating Methandrostenolone, known today as Dianabol. 
9. Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is essentially enlargement or swelling of breast tissue in men. This occurs due to hormone imbalance; specifically estrogen dominance.
Many anabolic steroids have the aromatase enzyme present, which is responsible for converting testosterone into estrogen (the female sex hormone).
Consequently, a man may develop puffy nipples or female-looking breasts, requiring an anti-estrogen medication to reduce swelling, or surgery to remove glandular tissue and excess fat.
Bodybuilders often have protocols in place to prevent gynecomastia from occurring, such as running an AI (aromatase inhibitor), being Anastrozole (Arimidex) or Letrozole (Femara). Such medications prevent the conversion from testosterone to estrogen.
Also SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modulators) may be taken, such as Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) during a cycle, to block estrogen-like effects directly in the breast tissue receptors. SERMs are more optimal than taking AI’s, in relation to cardiovascular health, with SERMs having no adverse effects on blood lipids (3).
Steroid-users may also opt for less estrogenic steroids, in an attempt to avoid this visually unpleasant side effect.
Some examples of highly estrogenic steroids are Anadrol, Dianabol and Testosterone.
Some examples of anabolic steroids that fail to aromatize (and convert to estrogen) are Trenbolone, Anavar and Winstrol.
10. Water Retention/Bloating
Further implications of estrogenic steroids are water retention and bloating.
Estrogen increases osmotic sensitivity (4) and sodium retention, due to fluctuations in aldosterone (5); thus causing extracellular fluid to accumulate (outside the muscle cells).
This contributes to a decrease in muscle tone and higher incidents of bloating in users, with the extent of which depending on the dosage.
Many weight lifters and bodybuilders administer significantly higher dosages of AAS today, compared to those in previous generations, resulting in bigger waistlines and puffier physiques.
Steroid-induced water retention can also cause extremely full and even 3D-looking muscles. This is due to increased glycogen uptake inside the muscle cells, causing exceptional thickness and a constant pumped look.
11. Increased Visceral Body Fat

Steroid-users can be lean, yet have a bloated or fat-looking stomach.
This isn’t always attributed to water retention, but instead higher levels of visceral fat (VF).
Visceral fat is adipose tissue that accumulates around vital organs, such as the liver and intestines. This type of fat isn’t visible to the naked eye (unlike subcutaneous fat); however, it can cause the abdomen to have a protruding appearance.
High levels of VF are associated with increased health risks, such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes.
One study measured the body fat percentage of ex-steroid users and found them to have less fat mass (on average), compared to non-steroid-users (3).
However, the steroid-user group had higher levels of visceral fat, compared to males who had never taken AAS.
This increase in visceral fat is due to impaired insulin sensitivity, caused by anabolic steroids, which can prolong for several years after steroid cessation.
In contrast, natural bodybuilders can display very tiny waists at low levels of body fat, with no distension or bloating (from the midsection).
Although many anabolic steroids increase visceral fat, there is evidence to suggest certain steroids may reduce VF; at least in the case of Anavar (Oxandrolone).
In one study they found Anavar-use not only resulted in less subcutaneous fat, but also less visceral fat; compared to Testosterone (4). This may be linked to Anavar improving insulin sensitivity, rather than worsening it (5,6).
12. Virilization in Women

If women use highly androgenic steroids, they may experience virilization effects, otherwise known as masculinization.
Such adverse effects include:

Irregular menstrual cycles
Clitoral enlargement
Breast reduction
Hair growth (on the body)
Hair loss (on the scalp)
More pronounced jawline
Adam’s apple (laryngeal prominence)

There are however some female-friendly steroids that have a low virilization risk, such as Anavar and Primobolan. However, if high dosages are utilized or cycles become excessive, the above effects are still possible.
13. Erectile Dysfunction
Erection quality is likely to increase when taking steroids, due to large spikes in exogenous testosterone and nitric oxide production. However, as a steroid cycle reaches its latter stages and eventually ceases; ED is a common side effect, due to the shutting down of endogenous (natural) testosterone.
This can even occur in the initial stages of a cycle with some compounds, such as Deca Durabolin (nandrolone).
Nandrolone-induced erectile dysfunction, or ‘Deca dick’, as referred to in the bodybuilding community, is caused by the elevation of prolactin levels. High amounts of prolactin can have a negative effect on libido and sexual desire/enjoyment (7).
14. Increased Alpha Male Behaviour
High testosterone levels are associated with alpha male behaviour, thus when someone takes steroids they are more likely to express dominance, confidence and assertiveness.
This may be more easily observable in introverted or shy individuals, who may now come out of their shells.
Alternatively, individuals who are already confident may become more so; due to even higher levels of serum testosterone.
However, this effect may only be short-lived, as testosterone levels crash post-cycle; leaving a person with low T levels for several weeks or months following.
Such fluctuations in this male hormone can contribute to steroid addiction/dependence; as much from a psychological perspective, than a physiological one.
Testosterone plays a crucial role in well-being, thus steroid-users often report feeling euphoria, caused by high levels of dopamine.
Thus, steroid abuse (albeit related to physical fitness), is similar to other drug-use; in the sense that it triggers ‘reward’ neurotransmitters in the brain.
15. Dry Looking Muscles

Many steroids contribute to fluid retention; however, some AAS have diuretic effects, giving a dry look to the muscles; with veins and muscle striations becoming more visible.
Winstrol and Anavar are two steroids that expel extracellular fluid, resulting in a vast and rapid improvement in muscle definition.
Such low levels of water retention, can look artificial and almost as if a bodybuilder has been photoshopped.
Thus, depending on what steroid is used, individuals may experience a smooth/bloated appearance, or an overly dry/ripped one. 
Summary
Research suggests 3-4 million people use anabolic-androgenic steroids in America (8), with over 1 million people in the UK also taking them regularly for cosmetic purposes (9).
It is important to remember that if someone has big muscles, or is in good shape, it doesn’t necessarily mean they are taking steroids (or have taken them). Genetics is arguably a more overriding factor in affecting body composition, than taking AAS.
The various signs of steroid use listed in this article are a more accurate method in identifying potential steroid-users, than merely judging by the size of someone’s muscles.
However, there certainly will be a threshold in regards to the maximum amount of lean muscle a human can carry (without the use of anabolic steroids).